stress & steroids Flashcards
(30 cards)
HOMEOSTASIS
ideal _____ in the body
- where ___ is achieved
ideal SET POINT in the body
- where BALANCE in achieved
ALLOSTASIS
addresses the need to ____ set-points based on certain situations.
- anticipation of _____ demand.
ex:
involves _____ multiple psychologic variables to ___ demands.
addresses the need to ALTER set points based on certain situations.
- anticipation of INCREASED demand.
ex: RR needs to increase with vigorous exercise
involves ALTERING multiple psychologic variables to MATCH demands
WHAT IS STRESS?
stress:
stressor:
eustress:
distress:
stress: psychical or psychological
- what is felt in the body
stressor: actual force exerted
eustress: positive rxn of the body, promotion, getting into nursing school
- motivation, allows for better focus, can improve performance, perceives stress as within our coping abilities
distress: negative rxn
- causes anxiety, concern, decreased performance, stress if outside our ability to cope
ADAPTIVE ABILITY
____ mechanisms
what influences our response to stress?
COPING mechanisms
- genetics
-culture/environment
-prior experiences
-pre-existing health status
- allostatic state
- ability to manage stress
COPING
adaptation
coping mechanisms
ex:
adaptation: attaining and maintaining stability through change that can lead to this, relies on coping mechanisms
coping mechanisms: strategies actions that are directed at the stressor; allow ppl to withstand stressor; effective if helps to resolve situation and feelings associated with the situation
ex: medication, social support
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
definition:
three parts:
definition: a similar response by the body no matter what the stressor
-alarm
-resistance
-exhaustion
ALARM
the ____ state of arousal
the body’s _____ defense mechanism
____ or _____ response
- SNS and _____ response
- HPA axis
the INITIAL state of arousal
the body’s INITIAL defense mechanism
FIGHT or FLIGHT response
- SNS and ADRENERGIC response (adrenaline): hypothalamus secretes CRH to activate SNS which stimulates the adrenal medulla which released norepi and epi
- HPA axis: CRH stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH which causes the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids
SNS vs PNS
SNS:
____pupils
____ flow of saliva
____ HB
_____ bronchi
____ peristalsis & secretion
conversion of _____ to ______
secretion of _____ & _____
_____ bladder contraction
PNS:
_____ pupils
_____ flow of saliva
_____ HB
_____ bronchi
_____ peristalsis & secretion
____ release of bile
____ bladder
SNS:
DILATES pupils
INHIBITS flow of saliva
ACCELERATES HB
DILATES bronchi
INHIBITS peristalsis & secretion
conversion of GLYCOGEN to GLUCOSE
secretion of ADRENALINE & NOREPI
INHIBITS bladder contraction
PNS:
CONSTRICTS pupils
STIMULATES flow of saliva
SLOWS HB
CONSTRICTS bronchi
STIMULATEs peristalsis & secretion
STIMULATES release of bile
CONTRACTS bladder
HPA AXIS
these hormones are released by _____ in response to _____.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS: _______
_____ cardiac output & BP
_____ luteinizing hormones, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone
____ levels of amino acids
_____ of lymph tissues
limited ____ in WBC response
MINERALCORTICOIDS:________
____ Na
____ K
water follows ____
these hormones are released by ADRENAL CORTEX in response to ACTH
CORTISOL
INCREASES cardiac output and BP
DECREASES luteinizing hormones, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone
INCREASE levels of amino acids
ATROPHY of lymph tissue
limited INCREASE in WBC response
ALDOSTERONE
ABSORB Na
EXCRETE K
water follows SALT
CATECHOLAMINE & GLUCOCORTICOIDS
glucocorticoids promote synthesis of ____.
they work together in the ____.
- development of _____.
glucocorticoids promote synthesis fo EPI.
they work together in the BRAIN.
- development of MEMORY
RESISTANCE
____ hormone & catecholamine release.
- _____ effects of continued stress.
time ____ (not a never ending supply)
- stressor is ____ = ______
- PNS = _____ response
CONTINUED hormone & catecholamine release.
- COUNTERACT effects of continued stress.
time LIMITED (not a never ending supply)
- stressor is REMOVED = RELAXATION
- PNS = CHOLINERGIC response: stress continued and body runs low on supplies; BG runs low, so does norepi and epi; activation of acetylcholines
relaxation vs stress response
relaxation:
HR ____
BP ____
blood lactate levels ____
immune system ____
sense of well being ____
sleep ____
___ libido
brain wave patterns ___
digestion ____
stress:
HR ____
BP ___
cholesterol levels ____
immune system ____
anxiety ____
depression ____
sleep disorders _____
libido ____
irritability ____
digestion ____
relaxation:
HR SLOWS
BP SLOWS
blood lactate levels REDUCE
immune system INCREASES
sense of well being INCREASES
sleep IMPROVES
NORMAL libido
brain wave patterns SLOW
digestions IMPROVES
stress:
HR INCREASES
BP INCREASES
cholesterol levels INCREASES
immune system is LESS EFFICIENT
anxiety INCREASES
depression MORE PREVALENT
sleep disorders INCREASE
libido DECREASES
irritability INCREASES
digestion works LESS EFFECTIVELY
EXHAUSTION
stressor is ___ relieved
body can _____ achieve _____
- ____ of adrenal cortex
- ____ of lymphatic tissue
____ energy stores
____ to adapt
D____
stressor is NOT relieved
body can NO LONGER achieve HOMEOSTASIS
- HYPERTROPHY of adrenal cortex
- ATROPHY of lymphatic tissue
DEPLETED energy stores
INABILITY to adapt
DEATH
EXHAUSTION
____ stress
- _____ impact on physical and mental well being
- _____ from cortisol
- _____ response from WBC
- _____ of thymus/lymph system and _____ T cells
- ____ catecholamine resopnse
CHRONIC stress
- NEGATIVE impact on physical and mental well being
- IMMUNOSUPPRESSION from cortisol
- DECREASES response from WBC
- ATROPHY of thymus/lymph system and DECREASE T cells
- EXCESSIVE catecholamine response
STRESS
allostasis
allostatic load
allostatic overload
allostasis: short term adaptation to stressor; survival
allostatic load: chronic stress, long term dysregulation
allostatic overload: exhaustion, stress induced disease or disorder = alters organs and tissues
OVERLOAD
factors: x12
hair loss
asthma
digestive disorders
irregular menstrual cycles
tension
palpitations
irritable bladder
impotence
mouth sources
tics
acne
sleep disturbances
SLEEP DEPRIVATION
effects 5 areas
- irritability and moodiness
- apathy
- impaired memory
- poor judgement
- hallucinations can develop
STRESS AND DISEASE
x10
CAD
HTN
stroke
tension headaches
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease
irritable bowel syndrome
ulcers
sexual disorders
type 2 DM
OVER PRODUCTION OF STRESS HORMONES
affects ____
_____ disorders
I_____
- _____ risk of infection
- _____ disorders
- ____ healing
- _____ of existing infections
affects MEMORY
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE disorders
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
- INCREASED risk of infection
- AUTOIMMUNE disorders
- DECREASED healing
- PROLONGATION of existing infections
CORTISOL
___ & ____ metabolism
- effects are opposite of ____
- supply ____ to brain
- G_____
- ____ peripheral glucose utilization
- ____ glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue
- ___ glucose storage as ____
CHO and GLUCOSE metabolism
- effects are opposite of INSULIN
- supply GLUCOSE to the brain
- GLUCONEOGENESIS
- DECREASES peripheral glucose utilization
- INHIBIT glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue
- PROMOTE glucose storage as GLYCOGEN
CORTISOL
protein metabolism
anabolic:
catabolic:
fat redistribution
lipolysis:
lipogenesis:
anabolic: build up
catabolic: break down - muscle, adipose and lymph tissue, skin and bone
lipolysis: break down; extremities
lipogenesis: build up and redistributed to face and trunk
STEROIDS
replacement:
anti-inflammatory properties:
immunosuppression:
replacement: actual or pseudo-insufficiency - problem with dysfunction in adrenal gland and chronic stress
anti-inflammatory properties: very effective; systemic
immunosuppression: use lowest dose to achieve effect; organ transplant
STEROIDS
purpose:
allergies:
asthma:
COPD exacerbation:
chronic inflammatory bowel disease
rheumatic disorders
post-transplant:
purpose: to reduce immune response
allergies: dose and route depends on severity
asthma: inhaled steroids
COPD exacerbation: IV transitioned to PO
post-transplant: frequently weaned off if no rejection episodes
