Coast case studies Flashcards
(18 cards)
Coastal retreat 1
Holderness coastline
Where is the holderness coast
northeast England Yorkshire
Holderness Coast key features
- fastest eroding coastline in Europe
- erosion rate of 2m per year
- 85km long coastline
physical causes holderness coast retreat
geology- boulder clay
fetch- powerful North Sea waves
longshore drift- cliffs unprotected
weather- winter storms
human causes holderness retreat
hard engineering- gryones further down shore have trapped sediment starving the land
holderness coast impacts
-loss of farmland (30 villages)
- threat to infrastructure
- property loss
- risk to spurn point spit ecosystem
holderness coast management
-1991 £2million project, rock armour and groynes to protect main road
- drainage to reduce slumping
coastal retreat 2
Happisburugh
Happisburgh management comapres to holderness
- not managing as the land is not deemed as needed to be
coastal flooding
Netherlands
Netherlands background
- 26% lies below sea level
- protected by systems of dikes, sea walls and storm surge barriers
- highly vulnerable
Netherlands key floods event
- 2 day flood in 1953
- severe storm surge and high winds
- 1836 deaths
- 47,300 buildings
- 165000 hectares loss
- livestock lost
Netherlands response
- immediate evacuations
- emergency shelters
- international aid
Netherlands long term management
-delta works
- coastal defence project in 1958
- includes dams, sluices, locks, dikes and barriers
- a barrier that gets closed during storms
- reduce coastline length to be cheaper to defend
coastal recession
nile delta
causes of coastal recession nile
- Aswan dam reduced sediment downstream
- sea level rise
- subsidence
- urbanisation increased buildings
impacts recession nile delta
- 100m per year
- loss of agriculture land
- salinisation
- threats to cities
- ecosystem damage
river nile management and response
- seawalls groynes
- beach nourishment
-vegetation - lon term management plan
- international support
