Coastal Landscapes

Question 1

3 types of weathering

Answer 1

. Freeze thaw
. Biological
. Chemical

Question 2

Weathering

Answer 2

The breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals

Question 3

Freeze thaw

Answer 3

. Rocks are porous or permeable
. Water enters and freezes, this expands and starts widening cracks
. Process keeps repeating as the ice is melted the frozen again.

Question 4

Biological

Answer 4

. Roots of plants enter small cracks in a rock
. The plants grows and expands the crack
. Breaking the rock

Question 5

Chemical

Answer 5

Sea water is a weak acid so dissolves certain types of rock such as chalk and limestone.

Question 6

Coastal erosion

Answer 6

Erosion is the wearing away of rock along the coastline.

Question 7

Hydraulic action

Answer 7

Sheer force if the water hitting the coastline and trapping air into cracks. This forces the cracks to break fully.

Question 8

Attrition

Answer 8

Rocks in the sea hit against each other and break to become smaller

Question 9

Abrasion

Answer 9

Rocks grind across a rock platform and wear it away.

Question 10

Solution linked with chemical weathering

Answer 10

Sea water dissolves certain types of rocks eg chalk and limestone

Question 11

Transportation

Answer 11

Sediment is carried by the waves along the coastline

Question 12

Long shore drift (LSD)

Answer 12

. Waves approach the beach at an angle due to the prevailing winds
. Waves hit at an angle then backwash off the beach at a 90 degree angle
. Push sediment up and then pulls it back off.

Question 13

Mass movements

Answer 13

. Rock fall
. Mud flow
. Land slide
. Rotational slump

Question 14

Rockfall

Answer 14

Rocks fall of cliff faces due to freeze thaw weathering

Question 15

Mud flow

Answer 15

Saturated soil flows down a slope

Question 16

Land slide

Answer 16

Rocks and debris slide down hill due to gravity

Question 17

Rotational slip

Answer 17

Saturated soil slumps down a curved surface

Question 18

Constructive waves

Answer 18

Deposition
. These waves move up the beach’s with a strong swash
. Backwash is weak and too weak to bring back any sediments deposited

Question 19

Destructive waves

Answer 19

Destroys beaches
. Weak swash
. Strong backwash as the waves are steep and close together
. Pulls sediment off the beach

Question 20

Headland

Answer 20

A high area of land that extends out into the sea.

Question 21

How are headlands formed

Answer 21

Headlands are part of a mix of hard rock and soft rock bands across the coastline
. Headlands are the hard rock that take longer to erode so stick out compared to the soft rock bays

Question 22

Bays

Answer 22

A low-lying inlet of land on the coast

Question 23

How are bays formed

Answer 23

Bays are formed on the coastline where there is a mixture of hard rock and soft rock bands across the
. Bays are the soft rock inlets that erode quicker and in hand create inlets on the coastline

Question 24

Wage cut platform

Answer 24

A flat area in front of a cliff, just below the low tide mark. These were formed when the waves eroded the cliff, but left a flat platform behind.
. So as the cliff keeps retreating the rock under the HIGH and LOW tide is kept

Question 25

Wave cut notch

Answer 25

An area of erosion at the base of a cliff formed by the waves. . Waves hit the side of a cliff using hydraulic action and create little notches . The notch increase in size and creates and overhang that collapses . Pushing the cliff back and creating wave cut platforms

Question 26

Headland erosional features

Answer 26

Crack Cave Arch Stack Stump

Question 27

Erosional features in order

Answer 27

. Crack is formed by hydraulic action against the headland . A cave is made through the constant erosion . The cave keeps being eroded and eventually goes through the other side creating an arch . The bases of the arch keeps becoming wider and the top of the arch eventually falls due to gravity and weight . A stack is made . A stack is over time eroded due to it being isolated and creates a stump

Question 28

Depositional landforms

Answer 28

Beaches Bar Spits

Question 29

Beaches

Answer 29

Beaches are created by constructive waves bringing up materials and sediment form the sea . Bays have lower energy waves so have more sand . Cliff beaches have more pebble besides due to more harsh and energy waves

Question 30

Spits

Answer 30

A spit is an extended stretch of sand out into the sea from the land. . Spits occur when there is a change in the shape of the landscape or there is a river mouth. . Spits carry on deposit in from the land due to no land being in the way of long shore drift . This stops if there is a river mouth pushing out the sediment or a new landform

Question 31

Bar

Answer 31

A spit that has grown across a bay. Also known as barrier beaches . A bar is a spit that has met a landform and has losses it’s energy to can’t go around . This creates a lagoon on the other side