Coastal management

Question 1

What is managed retreat

Answer 1

Seaward defence abandoned and a new defence built inland. Some land sacrificed to the sea. Absorbing the wave energy and acting as a barrier- especially if a slat marsh develops.

Question 2

What is beach nourishment

Answer 2

The addition of sand or pebbles to an existing beach to make it higher or wider. The sediment is usually dredged from nearby sea bed.

Hornsea

Question 3

Benefits of beach nourishment

Answer 3

Relatively cheap and easy to maintain. Looks natural and blends in with the existing beach. Increases tourists potential due to wider beach.

Question 4

Sea Walls

Answer 4

Massive, made or rocks or concrete, used to absorb waves.

+ves= Protect valuable resources, high risk property or densely populated area.

-ves= Very costly, foundations easily undermined of built on beaches or where LSD operates.

Holiday resorts- Hornsea

Question 5

Revetments

Answer 5

Massive, made of concrete, used to reflect rather than resist waves.

+ves=As above but cheaper.
-ve= costly and do not cope well with strong waves

Easington gas terminal

Question 6

Gabions

Answer 6

Wire cages.

+ves= cheaper version of above
-ves= relatively lightweight and small scale solution

Skipsea

Question 7

Groynes

Answer 7

Rock or wooden types, hold beach material threatened by LSD.

+ves= low capital costs and repaired relatively easily.
-ves= Need regular maintenance- causes scour down drift and have wider impacts.

=Hornsea.

Question 8

Rock armour

Answer 8

Very large rocks in front of sea walls or cliffs to absorb waves.

+ves= effective and prevents large scale undermining.
-ves= No longer a relatively cheap option. May move in severe weather.

Withinsea

Question 9

Hornsea

Answer 9

Pop=8,787.
1.86km sea wall

Question 10

Withernsea

Answer 10

Pop=5,766
Retreat= 3.7m per year