Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography Case Studies > Coasts > Flashcards

Coasts Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of submergent and emergent coasts

A
  1. emergent = raised beaches, West Scotland
  2. submergent = fjords, Norway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some examples of igneous rocks

A
  1. granite
  2. diorite
  3. basalt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some examples of sedimentary rocks

A
  1. limestone
  2. sandstone
  3. chalk
  4. shale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some examples of metamorphic rocks

A
  1. marble
  2. schist
  3. gneiss
  4. slate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some examples of unconsolidated materials

A
  1. boulder clay
  2. glacial till
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which parts of the UK have a resistant, rocky coastlines

A
  1. West Coast
  2. Cornwall
  3. North West Scotland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which parts of the UK have a coastal plains landscapes

A
  1. Eastern Coast
  2. East Anglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some pioneer species in psammosere succession

A
  1. marram grass
  2. sand couch-grass
  3. lyme grass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is burrowing

A

when animals create holes in the ground, exposing rocks to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is root action

A

when roots grow into cracks and fissures, forcing the rocks apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can root action cause regarding mass movement

A

rockfall on vegetated cliff tops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is carbonation

A

the slow dissolution of limestone due to weak acidic rainfall, carating calcium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what isostatic changes are occuring around the UK

A

the unloading of ice sheets in the north causes the crust to rise. Which causes the south to sink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are relict features

A

when erosional processes are halted due to the beach being raised, leaving erosional features like caves, stacks, arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many megacities exist

A

33 megacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how fast are sea levels rising in Kiribati

A

1.2cm/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How has the Kiribati Government tackling the threats of sea level rise

A
  1. bought land in Fiji
  2. made agreements with neighbouring countries to allow climate migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is Jakarta sinking

A

inhabitants are illegally draining underground aquifers due to a lack of acces to public drnking water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the rate of subsidence in Jakarta

A

25cm/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what problems does the Holderness coast face

A
  1. boulder clay makes up majority of the coast
  2. LSD transports sediment downstream
  3. deep water=faster waves
  4. large fetch from northern winds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did the Aksombo Dam (Ghana, 1985) change river sediment to from 70 million m^3/year

A

less than 7 million m^3/year

22
Q

What did the Aswan High Dam (1960) cause a drop in river discharge from 35 billion m^3/year to

A

10 billion m^3/year

23
Q

By how much have large areas of the Bangladesh coast subsidised by

A

1.5 meters (caused by isostaty)

24
Q

What % of people in Bangladesh live 10 meters from the coast

A

45%

25
Q

When was Cyclone Sidr

A

15 November 2007

26
Q

How high was the Cyclone Sidr’s (15/11/07) storm surge

A

6 meters

27
Q

What was the total cost of Cyclone Sidr (15/11/07)

A

$1.7 billion

28
Q

what was destroyed by Cyclone Sidr (15/11/07)

A
  1. high winds damaged housing, roads, bridges
  2. electricity supplies and communications were knocked out
  3. wells were flooded by salt water
29
Q

When was Hurricane Sandy

A

2012

30
Q

How many people were killed by Hurricane Sandy (2012) in the USA, Haiti, Cuba, and the Caribbean

A

286

31
Q

How many homes were destroyed by Hurricane Sandy (2012) in New Jersey

A

346,000

32
Q

What is being done to protect the coastline in Bacton, North Norfolk

A
  1. sandscaping
  2. beach regeneration
33
Q

How much is beach regeneration in Bacton costing

A

£20,000,000

34
Q

What are the advantages of protecting Bacton

A
  1. safeguards Bacton Terminal (supplies 1/3 of gas)
  2. defends the villages of Bacton and Walcott
  3. becomes a natural cliff defence
35
Q

What are the disadvantages of protecting Bacton

A
  1. no access to the beach during construction
  2. sand will be unstable
  3. ongoing maintenance cost
36
Q

What comprises the ‘hold the line’ approach in Borth, Wales, to combat flooding

A
  1. large offshore rock reef
  2. 2 large rock groynes
  3. 2 large breakwater armours
  4. beach nourishment
37
Q

How much does Borth’s hold the line approach cost

A

£12,000,000

38
Q

What are the advantages of the ‘hold the line’ approach in Borth

A
  1. protects Borth
  2. protects large nature reserve and wetland
  3. protects 3,000 permanent residents
39
Q

What environmental factors were considered by the developers regarding the ‘hold the line’ approach in Borth

A

preserved the sea view and impacts on natural habitats

40
Q

what approach is being used at the Steart Marshes, Bridgewater, Somerset

A

do nothing and allow flooding

41
Q

What is the cost of the ‘do nothing’ approach at the Steart Marshes

A

£20,000,000

42
Q

What are the advantages of the ‘do nothing’ approach in the Steart Marshes

A
  1. cheap
  2. creates salt marshes
  3. advance the line approach that involves nature
  4. farmers are compensated for their lost land
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Steart Marshes ‘do nothing’ approach

A
  1. local opposition
  2. land is reclaimed by the sea
  3. mayoral opposition
44
Q

What Welsh town has a ‘do nothing’ approach

A

Fairbourne

45
Q

What comprises the ‘hold the line’ approach in Rossall, Blackpool

A
  1. revetments
  2. sea wall
  3. promenade
  4. rear wall
  5. flood water channel
  6. rock armour
46
Q

How much has been spent on sea defences over 3 years in Blackpool

A

£150,000,000

47
Q

What are the advantages of the ‘hold the line’ approach in Rossall, Blackpool

A
  1. 7,500 properties are protected
  2. groynes rebuild the beach
  3. sea walls have a 100 year lifespan
48
Q

What are the disadvantages of the ‘hold the line’ approach in Rossall, Blackpool

A
  1. difficult to access the beach
  2. visual pollution
  3. tourism reduction
  4. rat and litter infestation
49
Q

What issues does the coastline of Odisha, India face

A
  1. in the path of tropical storms
  2. vulnerable to sea level rise, coastal erosion, storm surges
50
Q

What is being done in Odisha, India to protect the coastline

A
  1. built earth embankments
  2. planted millions of mangroves
  3. pioneered ICZM
51
Q

How are people protecting the coastline in Odisha, India

A
  1. educated people/ gave them jobs that were sustainable (boatmen, guides, dolphin spotters)
  2. compensated fishers when they were prohibited to fish at certain times of the year

Geography Case Studies (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions