Coasts Flashcards
Which beach is hold and advance the line?
Sea Palling
What did putting in groynes at Eccles do to Sea Palling?
Sea Palling
Reduced sediment southward by LSD. By 1990, beach had reduced so much that during storms the sea would reach the sea wall.. sooo rip rap was put in front of the wall.
What management strategies have been put in place at Sea Palling?
- Over 100,000 boulders
- Beach replenished to widen beach
- Offshore bars (created tombola effect.. bays provided protection but reduced flow of sediment South, meaning had to have beach replenishment at Waxham.)
Brief overview of Sea Palling?
- Hold and advance the line.
- Became increasingly vulnerable so they decided to place groynes at Eccles to reduce sediment southward by LSD.
- This helped at Sea Palling as beach had reduced so much, rip rap had to be put in place.
- 100,000 boulders in front of sea wall, beach replenished to widen beach.
- Offshore bars, resulted in tombola effect, but bays have created protection and have reduced sediment South, leading to beach replenishment at Waxham.
- So NO loss of property/land.
Brief overview of Happisburgh?
- No active intervention.
- Original defences been destroyed.
- Impacts of no active intervention include.. 20-30 properties lost, loss of caravan park, loss of approx 45 hectares of agricultural land, possible loss of church and Manor House.
- Conflicts such as “thriving community”, “tourist industry”, “important heritage sites.”
- Shouldn’t be protected because would have big impact on whole coastline, impact significantly on sediment transport, isn’t economically justified.
Which beach is no active intervention?
Happisburgh.
Why shouldn’t Happisburgh be protected?
Would have a big impact on coastline as a whole if protected. Impact significantly on sediment transport. Isn’t economically justified.
What would be lost in next 100 years at Happisburgh with there being no active intervention?
20-30 properties lost, loss of caravan park, loss of approx 45 hectares of agricultural land, possible loss of church and Manor House.
Brief overview of Overstrand?
- Hold the line.
- Considerable amount of mass movement, annual cliff loss is 0.9 metres!
- Notable losses include, Victorian coast road, bungalows on top of cliffs due to slumping.
- Hard engineering: Rock armour at base of cliff (£1000 per rock from Norway), groynes, revetments.
- Soft engineering: Clay and sand layers mixed together to increase permeability, drainage pipes to drain excess water, slope regarded to reduce likelihood of m.m.
Which beach is hold the line?
Overstrand.
Why is Overstrand being protected?
Due to considerable amount of mass movement. Average annual cliff loss is 0.9m! Mass movements caused by rainwater building up due to impermeable clay.
What hard engineering strategies have been put in place at Overstrand?
- Rock armour: at base of cliff (£1000 a rock from Norway)
- Groynes: trap sand and build up beach
- Revetments
What soft engineering strategies have been put in place at Overstrand?
- Clay and sand mixed together to increase permeability
- Drainage pipes: drain excess water
- Slope regarded: better angle to reduce likelihood of m.m.
Brief overview of Abbots Hall Farm, Blackwater Estuary, Essex?
- Managed retreat: allowing coastal land to flood under careful management.
- WWF in the 90s presented evidence that: coastal erosion was causing mudflats and salt marshes to be lost. This effected flora and fauna.
- Salt marshes there provided defence against storms and flooding.
- Heavy engineering could damage opportunities..
- Sooo they aimed to: remove parts of existing wall, allowing land to be flooded, creating wider salt marshes. Increased nursery env for fish.
- Construction of earth bunds to protect fresh water from saltwater.
- There was an Environmental Impact Assessment.
Where is there managed retreat?
Abbots Hall Farm, Blackwater Estuary in Essex
