Hot Flashcards
1
Q
Brief summary of Jordan - Badia Region?
A
- Jordan is landlocked, zone of high pressure, with irregular rainfall, in the rain shadow of the Western Highlands.
- The Badia Region is in the Middle East.
- Badia Region is a hostile environment because, its a dry, rocky desert, receives less than 150mm annual average rainfall, there’s little vegetation, only has seasonal rivers and lakes, summer temps up to 40, winter night temps below 0.
- Traditional life in the Badia - lived in tents that offered protection from the harsh summer sun and gave warmth during winter nights. Made up of goats hair, so when it rained the tents expanded to make them waterproof.
- Now increasingly living in permanent concrete housing. Have nucleated settlements to benefit from centralised services, such as electricity, water supply, schools, health centres.
- BRDC set up ‘Badia projects’ to help improve life for people there and creating jobs..
- Honey bees project: area produces highest quality honey in Jordan, preserve medicinal flowers, 5 permanent jobs and 70 seasonal jobs, has earned about US $ 7,500 over two seasons.
- Sheep selection and management project: sheep flocks have capacity to increase, research shown good management gives potential to increase sheep quality in meat and milk, more profit per animal can be gained.
2
Q
Why is the Badia Region a hostile environment? (6)
A
- It’s a dry, rocky desert
- Receives less than 150mm annual average rainfall
- Little vegetation
- Only has seasonal rivers and lakes
- Summer temps up to 40, winter night temps below 0
- Highly permeable basalt, meaning little water that there is quickly disappears underground
3
Q
What was traditional life like in the Badia?
A
- Traditionally lived nomadic life herding goats, sheep, camels.
- Lived in tents that offered protection from the harsh summer sun and gave warmth during winter nights. Made up of goats hair, so when it rained the tents expanded to make them waterproof.
4
Q
How do they live in the Badia now?
A
- Now increasingly living in permanent concrete housing. - Have nucleated settlements to benefit from centralised services, such as electricity, water supply, schools, health centres.
5
Q
Who set up the Badia projects and why?
A
Set up by the BRDC to help develop village clusters, encourage co-operation and create jobs.
6
Q
What is the Honey Bees Project? (Badia)
A
- Area produces highest quality honey in Jordan
- Preserve medicinal flowers
- Dependant on rainfall conditions
- 5 permanent jobs and 70 seasonal jobs
- Has earned about US $ 7,500 over two seasons
7
Q
What is the Sheep selection and management Project? (Badia)
A
- Sheep flocks have capacity to increase
- Research shown good management gives potential to increase sheep quality in meat and milk
- More profit per animal can be gained
8
Q
Brief summary of the Arches National Park, USA?
A
- Arid area receiving around 230mm of rain a year, in rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, part of the Colorado Plateau.
- There has been a growth in tourism at the park: over 1 million visitors yearly, 2/3 of visitors come May - Sept.
- Problems created with growth: many visitors coming in private cars, increased pollution, full car park, queueing to get in to park. Emissions from cars turn into haze, diminishing views and harm plants and animals.
- Management solutions:
1. Fee charges - $10 a car for 7 days, $20 a night in camp site. Money raised is used to upgrade board walks and toilets.
2. Permits and restrictions - Special walking permits in areas of cryptobiotic crust. Restrictions and zoning off areas which are vulnerable.
3. Car parking and congestion - 11 new bus stops with new bus services, run every 15 minutes, reducing congestion.
4. Changing visitors behaviour - encourage visitors to the park at less congested times. Prevent graffiti as many visitors leave traces on rocks, now boards up to say this is not allowed. Prevent cryptobiotic crust damage with boards educating and warning about damaging them. Rangers also patrol and answer Q’s.
9
Q
What is the area of the Arches National Park, USA like? (4)
A
- Arid area receiving around 230mm of rain a year
- In rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada Mountains
- Part of the Colorado Plateau.
- Prevailing westerly winds do not bring moisture from the Pacific.
10
Q
What has the growth of tourism at the Arches National Park USA resulted in?
A
- Over 1 million visitors yearly
- 2/3 of visitors come May - Sept
- Problems created: many visitors coming in private cars, increased pollution, full car park, queueing to get in to park.
- Emissions from cars turn into haze, diminishing views and harm plants and animals.
11
Q
What are the four management solutions for the Arches National Park?
A
- Fee charges - $10 a car for 7 days, $20 a night in camp site. Money raised is used to upgrade board walks and toilets.
- Permits and restrictions - Special walking permits in areas of cryptobiotic crust. Restrictions and zoning off areas which are vulnerable.
- Car parking and congestion - 11 new bus stops with new bus services, run every 15 minutes, reducing congestion.
- Changing visitors behaviour - encourage visitors to the park at less congested times. Prevent graffiti as many visitors leave traces on rocks, now boards up to say this is not allowed. Prevent cryptobiotic crust damage with boards educating and warning about damaging them. Rangers also patrol and answer Q’s.
12
Q
Brief summary of Jordan - Tal Rimah Rangeland Rehabilitation Project?
A
- Open desert, suffers from desertification.
- Area became overgrazed after the Gulf War when huge number of sheep were sold cheap, which lead to overgrazing.
- 2002, Rehabilitation Project set up, aimed to:
work with local communities to identify sustainable future for grazing in rangelands. - Wanted defined area to be able to have visitors.
- Wanted to give local employment - small businesses based on local culture, generating own income.
- PLAN:
- Discussed with local people.. 100 locals built low stone walls to ‘harvest’ water.
- Ditches dug, so water retained, rather than flowing downhill.
- Shrubs planted, to identify which ones would grow most successfully.
- Sheep introduced to see how respond to grazing now.
- Manure adds fertility to soil for plants.
- 2004-2008 number of species increased.
- Results from study will benefit other desert regions in the world: USA have sponsored the project.
13
Q
What was desertification like in the Tal Rimah Rangeland, Jordan?
A
- Open desert, suffers from desertification.
- Area became overgrazed after the Gulf War when huge number of sheep were sold cheap, which lead to overgrazing.
14
Q
What was the aim of the Tal Rimah Rangeland Rehabilitation Project?
A
- 2002, Rehabilitation Project set up, aimed to:
work with local communities to identify sustainable future for grazing in rangelands. - Wanted defined area to be able to have visitors.
- Wanted to give local employment - small businesses based on local culture, generating own income.
15
Q
What exactly did the Tal Rimah Rangeland Rehabilitation Project turn out to be/do?
A
- Discussed with local people.. 100 locals built low stone walls to ‘harvest’ water.
- Ditches dug, so water retained, rather than flowing downhill.
- Shrubs planted, to identify which ones would grow most successfully.
- Sheep introduced to see how respond to grazing now.
- Manure adds fertility to soil for plants.
- 2004-2008 number of species increased.
- Results from study will benefit other desert regions in the world: USA have sponsored the project.
