coasts eq1 (2)

Question 1

littoral zone

Answer 1

the area of the coast where the land is subject to wave action

Question 2

short term factors

why the littoral zone is consistantly changing?

Answer 2

• poeple
• storms
• tides

Question 3

long term factors

why the littoral zone is consistantly changing?

Answer 3

• coastal management
• climate change (sea level rise)

Question 4

backshore

Answer 4

the area above high tide and only affected by exceptionally high tides

Question 5

foreshore

Answer 5

land where most wave patterns occur

Question 6

offshore

Answer 6

open sea

Question 7

What did Valentin classify coasts into?

Answer 7

advancing and retreating

Question 8

concordant coasts

Answer 8

form when bands of hard and soft rock run parallel to the sea

forms:
- coves
- dalmations
- haff

Question 9

discordant coasts

Answer 9

forms when bands of hard and soft rock run perpendicular to the sea

forms:
- headlands
- bays

Question 10

strata

Answer 10

different layers of rock within an area and how they relate to each other

Question 11

deformation

Answer 11

the degree to which rock units have been deformed (tilted or folded) by tectonic activity

Question 12

faulting

Answer 12

the presence of major fractures that have moved rocks from their origional positions

Question 13

dip

Answer 13

refers to the angle at which rock strata lie

Question 14

syncline

Answer 14

when it drops

Question 15

anticline

Answer 15

when it goes up

Question 16

lithology

Answer 16

the physical characteristics of a rock

Question 17

horizontal dip

Answer 17

verticle profile with notches reflecting strata that are more easily eroded

Question 18

seaward dip, high angle

Answer 18

sloping, low angle profile with one rock laying facing the sea; vulnerable to rock slides

Question 19

seaward dip, low angle

Answer 19

profile may exceed 90 degrees producing areas of overhanging rock; rock falls

Question 20

landward dip

Answer 20

steep profiles of 70-80 degrees producing a very stable cliff ith reduced rock falls

Question 21

rock

Answer 21

aggregate combination of minerals

Question 22

igneous

Answer 22

forms from molten state (magma)

Question 23

sedimentary

Answer 23

the remains of living organisms that have been deposited

Question 24

metamorphic

Answer 24

rock exposed to heat and pressure

Question 25

what increases coatal recession?

Answer 25

- rock type - rising sea levels - geology and lithology - human activities - permeable rock - absence of a beach - strata - weathering and mass movement - type of dip - wave energy

Question 26

vegetation

Answer 26

can stabilise unconsolidated sediment and protect it from erosion increases the rate of sediment accumulation

Question 27

halophytic

Answer 27

salt tolerant species eg glasswort

Question 28

xerophytic

Answer 28

species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water

Question 29

psammosere

Answer 29

characteristic plant succession that develops on a new sand dune ecosystem and achieves a climax community

Question 30

saltmarsh

Answer 30

areas of flat, silty sediments that accumulate near estuaries, lagoons and behind spits

Question 31

sand dune

Answer 31

a hill of loose sand formed by wind or water, these can be stabilised by vegetation