Coasts: Holderness Flashcards
(25 cards)
Where is the Holderness coastline located?
East Yorkshire
How long does the Holderness coastline stretch?
Around 60km from Flamborough head to Spurn Point
What is the primary material of the coastline?
Boulder clay
What type of rock is Flamborough head made from?
Chalk
What is the average rate of coastal erosion at Holderness?
1-2 meters a year
What makes the Holderness coastline the fastest eroding coastline in Europe?
Geology, wave action, and climate
What geological feature increases coastal erosion in Holderness?
Soft boulder clay
What natural phenomenon enhances coastal erosion at Holderness?
Storm surges and rising sea levels
What is one consequence of coastal erosion in terms of land loss?
Over 30 villages have been lost to the sea over the past 1,000 years
How much material is eroded annually from the Holderness coastline?
On average, 2 million tonnes
What area is under threat due to disrupted sediment supply?
Spurn Point
What economic impact does coastal erosion have on farmland?
Loss of fertile boulder clay farmland
Which tourist destination is at risk due to coastal erosion?
Hornsea
What social issue arises in towns like Skipsea due to coastal erosion?
Properties are at risk
What environmental impact occurs due to coastal erosion?
Destruction of habitats as cliffs collapse
What is Spurn Head?
A spit located at the southern end of Holderness
What type of management is occurring at Spurn Head?
Managed retreat
What was the cost of protecting Mappleton in 1991?
Over £2 million
What hard engineering structures were built in Mappleton?
Two rock groynes and rock armour
What has happened to erosion patterns due to protection measures at Mappleton?
Erosion has increased further south
What coastal defense does Hornsea have?
Concrete sea wall, groynes, and rock armour
What is a key issue with Hornsea’s coastal defenses?
They need frequent expensive maintenance
What kind of wall was replaced in Withernsea?
An old, straight sea wall
What type of wall replaced the old sea wall in Withernsea?
A new, curved sea wall
