Cobine: Female Pelvis

Question 1

Structures covered by peritoneum in the female pelvis

Answer 1

rectum
ovary/ovarian vessels
bladder
uterus/round lig of uterus
ureter

Question 2

The peritoneum continues from the anterior abdominal wall, curves at the level of the (blank), covers the (blank) surface of the bladder to the (blank) of the uterus, forming the (blank) pouch; then covers the fundus/body of the uterus, extends over the (blank) of the vagina, extends from the uterus to the rectum forming the (blank) pouch, then covers the anterior/lateral parts of the superior rectum and the lateral sides of the middle rectum before becoming sigmoid (blank) at S3

Answer 2

pubic bone; superior; isthmus; vesicouterine; fornix; rectouterine; mesocolon

Question 3

(blank) fossa on each side of the bladder; (blank) fossa on each side of the rectum; separated by the (blank) of the uterus

Answer 3

paravesical; pararectal; broad ligament

Question 4

What is contained in the broad ligament of the uterus?

Answer 4

1. uterine tubes
2. ovaries and their ligaments
3. round ligament of the uterus

Question 5

Deep recesses where fluid can accumulate in event of an infection; this pouch can collect blood or puss, is posterior to the fornix of the vagina

Answer 5

vesicouterine and rectouterine (Pouch of Douglas) pouches; Pouch of Douglas

Question 6

aninflammation of theperitoneum, may result frominfection(e.g. from rupture of a hollow organ) or from a non-infectious process. If left untreated, sepsis.

Answer 6

peritonitis

Question 7

extraction of fluid from the Pouch of Douglas via the posterior fornix of the vagina

Answer 7

culdocentesis

Question 8

small incision, endoscope inserted for viewing.

Answer 8

colpotomy

Question 9

T/F: pelvic peritonitis is usually fatal

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What passes over the ureter in the female on its course to the posterior bladder? This is something to keep in mind when performing a hyst.

Answer 10

uterine artery

Question 11

The apex of the bladder is in direct relation to the (blank). The bladder fundus is in direct relation to the (blank).

Answer 11

fundus of the uterus; anterior wall of the vagina

Question 12

When empty, the bladder is in the (blank) pelvis. When full, the bladder is in the (blank) pelvis.

Answer 12

lesser pelvis; greater pelvis

Question 13

What is significant about the retropubic space?

Answer 13

allows distensibility of the bladder

Question 14

What is significant about the lateral ligaments (pubovesical) of the bladder and the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia?

Answer 14

keep the bladder in place

Question 15

What composes bladder walls?
Utereric orifices and the internal urethral orifice are at the angles of the (blank) bladder
Ureteric orifices are encircled by loops of (blank) that tighten as the bladder contracts to prevent the reflux of urine into the ureter

Answer 15

detrusor muscle; trigone; detrusor muscle

Question 16

Blood supply to:

1. anterosuperior bladder
2. fundus and neck
3. other

Answer 16

1. superior vesical arteries
2. vaginal arteries (inferior vesical in males)
3. obturator and inf. gluteal arteries

Question 17

Venous drainage in female bladder corresponds to arteries. (blank) plexus receives blood from the dorsal vein of the clitoris, and this plexus communicates with the (blank) plexus.

Answer 17

vesical venous plexus; vaginal

Question 18

double layer of peritoneum extending from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis keeping the uterus in place

Answer 18

broad ligament of the uterus

Question 19

3 parts of the broad ligament

1. contains the uterine tube
2. contains the ovary
3. acts as the mesentery for the uterus

Answer 19

1. mesoalpinx
2. mesovarium
3. mesometrium

Question 20

Where the broad ligament is prolonged superiorly over the ovarian vessles; superolateral to the ovary

Answer 20

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 21

lies anteroinferior to the uterotubal junction, courses to deep inguinal canal, passes through the inguinal canal and terminates at the labium majus

Answer 21

round ligament of the uterus

Question 22

What are the ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus vestiges of?

Answer 22

ovarian gubernaculum

Question 23

extend from the supravaginal part of the cervix and lateral vaginal fornices to the lateral walls of the pelvis (contains uterine artery and vein)

Answer 23

transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligament)

Question 24

condensations of the pelvic fascia that extend from the cervix to the posterolateral pelvic walls

Answer 24

uterosacral ligament

Question 25

The ovary is suspended by peritoneal folds: from the posterosuperior aspect of the broad ligament by the (blank) and from the lateral pelvic walls by the (blank)

Answer 25

mesovarium; suspensory ligaments of the ovary

Question 26

(blank) contains ovarian vessels, lymphatics, and nerves which run within the suspensory ligament of the ovary contained within it

Answer 26

mesovarium

Question 27

When an oocyte is expelled, it passes into the (blank). It is trapped by the fimbriae (finger-like projections) of the (blank) of the uterine tube and swept up into the ampulla for possible fertilization

Answer 27

peritoneal cavity; infundibulum

Question 28

Two parts of the uterus - what demarcates the two parts? | Two surfaces of the uterus

Answer 28

body (superior 2/3) and cervix (narror inferior 1/3); isthmus; vesical and intestinal

Question 29

The body of the uterus lies on the (blank); the cervix lies between these two things

Answer 29

bladder; bladder and rectum

Question 30

What separates the supravaginal part of the cervix from the rectum?

Answer 30

Pouch of Douglas

Question 31

Two parts of the cervix

Answer 31

supravaginal (between isthmus and vagina) and vaginal

Question 32

Narrow space surrounding the external os of the uterus (cervix); has anterior, posterior, and lateral parts

Answer 32

vaginal fornix

Question 33

Three parts of uterine wall 1. serosal layer 2. middle coat of smooth muscle, main branches of blood vessels, dilates the cervical os during childbirth, producing cramping 3. inner mucous coat that is shed during menstruation, location of blastocyst implantation

Answer 33

1. perimetrium 2. myometrium 3. endometrium

Question 34

T/F: The cervix is mostly fibrous vs. the muscular uterine body. External os is H shaped in parous women.

Answer 34

True; true

Question 35

Blood supply to uterus

Answer 35

uterine arteries, ovarian arteries (uterine arteries also supply placenta)

Question 36

The uterus is normally (blank) with respect to the vagina, and (blank) with respect to the cervix

Answer 36

anteverted (90 degrees); anteflexed (170 degrees)

Question 37

T/F: normally some weight of the uterus is borne by the urinary bladder

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Causes of uterine prolapse

Answer 38

``` weakened pelvic floor muscles/ligaments childbirth aging lack of estrogen after menopause pressure on pelvic muscles ```

Question 39

1st degree prolapse vs. 2nd degree vs. 3rd degree

Answer 39

1st: cervix still inside vagina 2nd: cervix outside of vulva 3rd: complete prolapse

Question 40

Conduct the ovum, usual site of fertilization Extend laterally from the uterine horns and open into the peritoneal cavity near the ovaries Lie in the mesosalpinx in the free edges of the broad ligaments

Answer 40

uterine tubes

Question 41

Ideally, the uterine tubes arch (blank) and (blank) to the ovaries. However, lots of variation can occur.

Answer 41

anterior; superior

Question 42

Four parts of uterine tube

Answer 42

1. infundibulum 2. ampulla 3. isthmus 4. uterine part

Question 43

The vagina extends from the (blank) to the vestibule. Superior end surrounds the (blank). Its walls are usually (blank). It passes through the medial margins of the (blank) muscles.

Answer 43

cervix; cervix; collapsed; levator ani

Question 44

Blood supply to vagina 1. superior 2. middle/inferior

Answer 44

1. uterine arteries | 2. vaginal and internal pudendal arteries

Question 45

Venous drainage from vagina

Answer 45

vaginal veins --> vaginal venous plexus --> continuous with uterine venous plexus --> uterine vein --> internal iliac veins (also communication with vesical and rectal venous plexuses)

Question 46

T/F: The vagina has rugae

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Pregnancy can be detected as softening of the uterine (blank) - cervix feels separated from the body

Answer 47

isthmus

Question 48

What ligament contains the uterine artery and vein?

Answer 48

cardinal ligament

Question 49

Where does the round ligament of the uterus terminate?

Answer 49

at the labium majus

Question 50

Two vestiges of the gubernaculum?

Answer 50

Round ligament of the ovary | Round ligament of the uterus

Question 51

The ovary is suspended in the peritoneal cavity and its peritoneal surface is characterized by scarring from (blank)

Answer 51

ovulation

Question 52

What separates the supravaginal part of the cervix from the bladder? What separates it from the rectum?

Answer 52

loose CT; pouch of Douglas

Question 53

Which part of the cervix is between the isthmus and the vagina? Which part protrudes into the vagina?

Answer 53

supravaginal; vaginal

Question 54

Which part of the vaginal fornix is the deepest?

Answer 54

posterior