Cobine: Male Pelvis

Question 1

The pelvis is divided into 2 regions

Answer 1

superior/greater (false) pelvis

inferior/lesser (true) pelvis

Question 2

The inlet of the pelvic is continuous with the (blank) and is encircled by bone; the outlet is formed by the boundaries of the (blank)

Answer 2

abdominal cavity; perineum

Question 3

General functions of the pelvis:

1. contains/supports these organs
2. anchoring site for (blank)
3. connects axial and appendicular skeletons, locomotion, and attachment site for muscles.

Answer 3

bladder, rectum, anal canal, most of reproductive tract; external genitalia

Question 4

What is the part of the bony pelvis called where it articulates with the femur?

Answer 4

acetabulum

Question 5

Most superior portion of the bony pelvis; 3 features of this portion

Answer 5

ilium; iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine; greater sciatic notch

Question 6

Posterior and inferior portion of the bony pelvis; 3 features of this portion

Answer 6

ischium; ischial spine, ischial tuberosity; lesser sciatic notch

Question 7

Anterior and inferior portion of the bony pelvis; 1 feature of this portion

Answer 7

pubis; pubic tubercle

Question 8

Differences between the male and female pelvis

Answer 8

1. in males, iliac wings less flared
2. in males, pelvic inlet more anteroposterior, as opposed to transversely oval in female (heart-shaped)
3. pubic arch (subpubic angle) narrower
4. pubic symphysis deeper (taller)
5. ischial tuberosities INVERTED vs EVERTED in female
6. narrower interpubic disc
7. more curved sacrum

Question 9

The female pelvis is generally (blank) to accomodate the passing baby during parturition

Answer 9

broader

Question 10

What two structures (anterior –> posterior) define the true (obstetrical) conjugate (distance)

Answer 10

from sacral promontory (anteriorly) to posterosuperior margin of pubic symphysis (posteriorly)

Question 11

Between promontory and top of pubic symphysis ~11-12 cm

Answer 11

sagittal inlet, also called obstetric or true conjugate

Question 12

Maximum transverse diameter of pelvic inlet

Answer 12

11.5-13cm

Question 13

Distance between ischial spines - ~9cm

Answer 13

bispinous outlet

Question 14

Between tip of coccyx and inferior margin of pubic symphysis – ~10cm

Answer 14

sagittal outlet

Question 15

Measured during pelvic examination as distance between the sacral promontory and the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis (approximation of sagittal inlet/obstetric conjugate measurement)

Answer 15

Diagonal conjugate

Question 16

Female pelvic changes during pregnancy

Answer 16

Cavity of interpubic disc increases, increasing size of lesser pelvis and flexibility of pubic symphysis
Increased sex hormones + relaxin levels cause relaxation of pelvic ligaments
Coccyx can move more posteriorly
Greater relaxation = less stability

Question 17

Does the true diameter of the pelvis change during pregnancy?

Answer 17

NO!

Question 18

Thickened ligaments at the superior and inferior margins of the symphysis

Answer 18

interpubic disc

Question 19

A heart-shaped pelvis, which is narrow at the front is called (blank). An almost round pelvis, which is more ideal, is called (blank).

Answer 19

android; gynecoid

Question 20

Pelvic organs in the male

Answer 20

1. urinary bladder
2. ureter
3. rectum
4. ductus deferens

Question 21

The peritoneum continues down from the anterior abdominal wall at the level of the (blank); covers superior surface of (blank); moves 2cm inferiorly/posteriorly; covers (blank) superiorly; lines the (blank) fossa posteriorly; covers the anterior and lateral sides of the (blank); and becomes sigmoid mesocolon at (blank)

Answer 21

pubic bone; bladder; seminal vesicles; rectovesicular; rectum; S3

Question 22

Aninflammation of theperitoneum, may result frominfection or from a non-infectious process; untreated, sepsis. Where are places where fluid can accumulate in the event of infection?

Answer 22

Peritonitis; deep recesses like the rectovesical pouch

Question 23

The rectum does not have these two things.
It has (blank) transverse rectal folds.
This portion receives and holds fecal material.
These arteries supply the rectum.

Answer 23

teniae, fatty appendages
3
ampulla
superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries

Question 24

When the bladder is empty, where is it located?

When the bladder is full, where is it located?

Answer 24

lesser pelvis; greater pelvis

Question 25

What allows for distensibility of the bladder?

Answer 25

retropubic space

Question 26

This structure is present at the neck of the bladder and prevents retrograde transport of semen

Answer 26

urethral sphincter

Question 27

Fundus of the bladder is separated from the rectum by the (blank) and ampullae of the ductus deferentes laterally

Answer 27

seminal glands

Question 28

The bladder neck is anchored by a pair of fibromuscular bands connecting it and the pelvic urethra to the pubic bone – In females, (blank) ligaments, in males, (blank) ligaments. These ligaments work with the perineal membrane & associated muscles to support the bladder.

Answer 28

pubovesical ligaments; puboprostatic ligaments

Question 29

What supplies the anterosuperior portion of the bladder? What supplies the fundus and neck of the bladder? What other arteries are involved?

Answer 29

superior vesical arteries; inferior vesical arteries; obturator arteries and inferior gluteal arteries

Question 30

Pelvic veins follow the course of all branches of the internal iliac artery EXCEPT the (blank) and (blank) arteries

Answer 30

umbilical; iliolumbar

Question 31

Veins drain into the (blank) veins which in turn drain into the common iliac veins

Answer 31

internal iliac

Question 32

What is the venous plexus that supplies the bladder? What is the venous plexus that supplies the prostate? What is unique about these two plexuses?

Answer 32

vesical venous plexus; prostatic venous plexus; they are continuous

Question 33

Vesical venous plexus mostly drains bladder through the inferior vesical veins into the (blank) veins

Answer 33

internal iliac

Question 34

Envelops fundus of bladder, prostate, seminal glands, ductus deferens, inferior ureter and receives blood from the deep dorsal vein of the penis (which drains the erectile tissue

Answer 34

vesical venous plexus and prostatic plexus

Question 35

The ureter enters the pelvic cavity by crossing the pelvic brim superior to the iliac vessels, passing over the (blank) of the common iliac artery into internal and external iliacs and enters the bladder at an oblique angle

Answer 35

bifurcation

Question 36

Where does the ductus deferens cross in relation to the ureter and the bladder?

Answer 36

ductus deferens crosses OVER the ureter as the ductus deferens travels POSTERIOR to the bladder

Question 37

``` Testes Epididymides Ductus deferentes Seminal glands Ejaculatory ducts (combination of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles) Prostate Bulbourethral glands ```

Answer 37

Male internal genital organs

Question 38

Do seminal glands store sperm? What do they secrete?

Answer 38

NO; secrete thick alkaline fluid containing fructose and a coagulating agent

Question 39

The duct of the seminal gland joins the (blank) to form the ejaculatory duct

Answer 39

ductus deferens

Question 40

Blood supply to seminal glands

Answer 40

vesical and middle rectal arteries and veins

Question 41

How many lobes does the prostate gland have?

Answer 41

5 lobes: anterior, posterior, right and left, median

Question 42

Lobe of prostate: also called the isthmus, lies anterior to the urethra, little glandular tissue

Answer 42

anterior lobe

Question 43

Lobe of prostate: lies posterior to the urethra, and INFERIOR to the ejaculatory duct, palpable with rectal exam

Answer 43

posterior lobe

Question 44

Lobe of prostate: lies BETWEEN the urethra and ejaculatory ducts, projection of this lobe is partially responsible for the formation of the uvula that can project into the internal urethral orifice and cause bladder problems in males

Answer 44

median lobe

Question 45

Blood supply of prostate gland

Answer 45

inferior vesical, middle rectal, internal pudendal arteries

Question 46

What drains the prostate gland? What is this continuous with?

Answer 46

prostatic venous plexus (drains to internal iliac veins); continuous with vesical venous plexus and the internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 47

4 portions of urethra

Answer 47

1. preprostatic 2. prostatic 3. membranous 4. spongy

Question 48

Secretions from the ductus deferens and seminal vesicles are mixed by convergence of their ducts into the (blank). The ejaculatory ducts then converge and open on the (blank) by slit-like openings within the opening of the prostatic utricle.

Answer 48

ejaculatory ducts; seminal colliculus

Question 49

Prostatic ducts empty into the (blank) urethra after the termination of the ejaculatory ducts

Answer 49

prostatic

Question 50

Secretions from the bulbourethral glands enter the (blank) urethra through their ducts which are located distal to the external urethral sphincter

Answer 50

spongy

Question 51

Sperm is made in the (blank), passes into the (blank) and (blank) where it can be stored. During emission, it travels up the ductus deferens to its (blank). Sperm join with secretions from the seminal gland in the (blank). Secretions are added from the (blank) and (blank) glands.

Answer 51

testis; epididymis; ductus deferens; ampulla; ejaculatory duct; prostate; bulbourethral

Question 52

Sperm is ejaculated with seminal secretions from the penis by the (blank), leaving the penis at the (blank)

Answer 52

urethra; external urethral orifice

Question 53

Generate 60% of total semen volume; secretes ALKALINE semen

Answer 53

seminal vesicles

Question 54

What are these components of semen from the seminal vesicles 1. nutrition 2. protection 3. motility/protection 4. clotting, keeps semen inside female repro tract

Answer 54

1. fructose 2. ascorbic acid 3. prostaglandins 4. fibrinogen

Question 55

Generates 20% of total semen volume; generates SLIGHTLY ACIDIC semen

Answer 55

prostate gland

Question 56

What are these components of? Zinc – stability of chromatin Citric Acid – protection Acid Phosphatase - elevated in prostate cancer Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) – liquefies semen, dissolves cervical mucus, elevated in prostate cancer Pro(fibrinolysin) – liquefies coagulated semen

Answer 56

prostate gland semen

Question 57

These two components of prostate gland semen are elevated in prostate cancer

Answer 57

acid phosphatase; prostate specific antigen

Question 58

Contribute less than 1% of total semen volume; made up of galactose, mucus, PRE-EJACULATE, phosphate and bicarb buffers

Answer 58

bulbourethral gland

Question 59

common after middle age affecting almost every male; the enlarged prostate projects into the bladder and impedes urine flow by obstructing the prostatic urethra; common symptoms include nocturia, dysuria, and urgency

Answer 59

benign hypertrophy of the prostate

Question 60

What lobe of the prostate is most commonly enlarged?

Answer 60

median

Question 61

Most common lobe for prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 61

posterior prostatic lobe

Question 62

Prostate cancers metastasize both through (blank) routes and via (blank) routes

Answer 62

lymphatic (internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes to more distant lymph nodes); venous (internal vertebral venous plexus to the vertebrae and brain)

Question 63

What 3 things make up the linea terminalis?

Answer 63

1. pectineal line 2. arcuate line 3. sacral promonotory