Cocci Flashcards

(45 cards)

1
Q

What is the characteristic shape of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Grape-like clusters

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2
Q

Where is Staphylococcus aureus commonly found in the body?

A

Nose, groin, perineum (normal flora)

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3
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Direct contact

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4
Q

Which enzyme is a virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Coagulase

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5
Q

What is the function of Protein A in Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Virulence factor that binds antibodies

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6
Q

Name a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus involved in skin conditions.

A

Exfoliatin/epidermolytic toxin

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7
Q

What is TSST in relation to Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

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8
Q

List some suppurative diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

A
  • Folliculitis
  • Boils/Furuncles
  • Carbuncles
  • Impetigo
  • Bacteraemia
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Septic arthritis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Surgical wound infection
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9
Q

What syndrome is caused by exfoliatin from Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Scalded skin syndrome

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

Cloxacillin, erythromycin, cephalosporin

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)?

A

Vancomycin

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12
Q

What laboratory test result indicates Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Catalase test +ve (active bubbling)

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13
Q

What color do Staphylococcus aureus colonies appear on blood agar?

A

Golden yellow

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14
Q

What is the characteristic shape of Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

Grape-like clusters

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15
Q

Where does Staphylococcus epidermidis primarily colonize?

A

Skin superficials

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16
Q

What is a major virulence factor of Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

Biofilm (extracellular slime)

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17
Q

List some infections related to the use of medical devices caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.

A
  • Catheter-related bloodstream infection
  • Prosthetic valve endocarditis
  • Infection of prosthetic joints
  • Catheter-related UTI
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18
Q

What is the treatment for infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

Removal of infected devices

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19
Q

What is the novobiocin sensitivity of Staphylococcus epidermidis?

20
Q

What is the characteristic shape of Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

A

Grape-like clusters

21
Q

Where does Staphylococcus saprophyticus commonly colonize?

A

Genital mucosa & distal urethra

22
Q

What type of infection is commonly associated with Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

A

UTI particularly in sexually active young women

23
Q

What is the novobiocin sensitivity of Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

24
Q

What is a recommended preventative measure for UTIs caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

A

Empty bladder after intercourse

25
What test results indicate Staphylococcus saprophyticus?
Catalase test +ve (active bubbling), Coagulase test -ve
26
What is the scientific name for Group A Streptococcus?
Streptococcus pyogenes ## Footnote Commonly associated with several diseases including pharyngitis and scarlet fever.
27
What are the primary sources of transmission for Streptococcus pyogenes?
Skin & respiratory tract through respiratory droplets and direct contact ## Footnote This includes close contact with infected individuals.
28
Name a key virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes.
M-protein ## Footnote This factor is anti-phagocytic, helping the bacteria evade the immune system.
29
What disease is caused by the erythrogenic toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes?
Scarlet fever ## Footnote The toxin is responsible for the characteristic rash associated with the disease.
30
List two diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
* Pharyngitis * Necrotizing fasciitis ## Footnote Pharyngitis can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever.
31
What is the first-line treatment for infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
Penicillin ## Footnote Erythromycin is an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin.
32
What is the characteristic laboratory test result for Streptococcus pyogenes?
ß-haemolysis ## Footnote This is a key identifier in laboratory settings.
33
What is the scientific name for Group B Streptococcus?
Streptococcus agalactiae ## Footnote Commonly found in the genital tract and can affect newborns.
34
How is Streptococcus agalactiae transmitted?
From the birth canal and direct contact between babies in nursery ## Footnote This can lead to serious infections in neonates.
35
What is one virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Polysaccharide capsule ## Footnote This capsule protects the organism from phagocytosis.
36
List two diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
* Pneumonia * Meningitis ## Footnote Pneumococcal pneumonia is a common infection, particularly in young children and the elderly.
37
What is the first-line treatment for infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Penicillin/ampicillin + gentamicin ## Footnote Resistance to penicillin is increasing, thus alternatives may be needed.
38
What is a key characteristic of viridans streptococci?
Optochin resistant ## Footnote This group is often found in the oral cavity and respiratory tract.
39
What disease is commonly associated with viridans streptococci?
Infective endocarditis ## Footnote These bacteria can enter the bloodstream and affect heart valves.
40
What is the scientific name for Group D Streptococcus?
Enterococci ## Footnote Often found in the intestine and can lead to infections in compromised patients.
41
How is Enterococci typically acquired?
Endogenously acquired and through cross-infection in hospitalized patients ## Footnote This highlights the importance of hygiene in healthcare settings.
42
What is a notable characteristic of Enterococci in laboratory tests?
Bile aesculin positive ## Footnote This is a key feature for differentiating Enterococci from other bacteria.
43
True or False: Streptococcus pneumoniae is catalase positive.
False ## Footnote Streptococcus pneumoniae is catalase negative.
44
Fill in the blank: The treatment for neonatal infections caused by Group B Streptococcus includes _______.
Penicillin/ampicillin + gentamicin ## Footnote Early treatment is crucial for the health of newborns.
45