Code of Hammurabi, Confucianism, and Legalism

Question 1

Where did Hammurabi rule? When? What empire?

Answer 1

18th century BCE Mesopotamia
Babylonian Empire

Question 2

What ruling system did Hammurabi use?

Answer 2

The Code of Hammurabi

Question 3

What type of government (like how did people come into power) did Hammurabi run?

Answer 3

Dynastic monarch (single ruler, power is passed down through families)

Question 4

What conflict was going on during Hammurabi’s time?

Answer 4

Neighboring city-states were fighting over control of the Euphrates River

Question 5

How did Hammurabi attempt to solve the conflicts that were occuring?

Answer 5

Conquered the other city-states and attempted to unify them, creating the Babylonian Empire

Question 6

Define empire

Answer 6

Once independent states brought under a single authority by force

Question 7

What is the Code of Hammurabi?

Answer 7

Hammurabi’s legal code, one of the oldest in the world

Question 8

What was the goal of the Code of Hammurabi?

Answer 8

Decrease violence and unify the empire

Question 9

Where was the Code of Hammurabi displayed?

Answer 9

On steles that were placed in the town centers of conquered city-states

Question 10

What saying comes from the Code of Hammurabi?

Answer 10

“Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”

Question 11

What does the Code of Hammurabi rely heavily on? What was this meant to cause?

Answer 11

Capital punishment/death penalty
Deterrence (people were less likely to commit the crime if they were too scared of the possible punishment)

Question 12

What are some important features of the the Code of Hammurabi?

Answer 12

Patriarchal
Classist
Non-egalitarian

Question 13

Code of Hammurabi SPRITE?

Answer 13

Social - many laws about how slaves should treat their masters and vice versa and how women should act in relationships with men
Political - many laws about how trials must be carried out and things that people involved in the trial (e.g. witnesses, judges, and prosecutors) cannot do; also laws about basic crimes, such as theft and kidnapping
Religious - laws about not stealing from a temple
Technological - laws about ox goring vs habitual ox goring
Economics - many laws about how transactions, land rentals, loans, medical/surgical bills, and accidents caused by poor construction must be handled

Question 14

Where did Confucius rule? When? What dynasty?

Answer 14

China
Warring States Period (5th-3rd centuries BCE)
Zhou Dynasty

Question 15

Who was Confucious?

Answer 15

A popular tutor whose followers collected his teachings into ‘The Analects’

Question 16

What was the Warring States Period?

Answer 16

The period of Chinese history when the Zhou Dynasty became weaker, new dynasties fought for control, and new ideologies arose

Question 17

Define ideology. What is it not?

Answer 17

A system of beliefs or ideas (not a religion)

Question 18

What ideologies arose at this time?

Answer 18

Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

Question 19

What ruling system did Confucius use?

Answer 19

Confucianism

Question 20

What was the Chinese government during Confucius’ time?

Answer 20

Dynastic monarchy

Question 21

What was the Chinese economic and political system during Confucius’ time?

Answer 21

Feudalism (hierarchal system based on the exchange of land and loyalty)

Question 22

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

Answer 22

The idea that a corrupt or ineffective government would lead to upheaval, such as natural disasters or riots, which meant that the gods were unhappy with the current ruler, and that ruler would be removed from power and replaced

Question 23

What is a dynastic cycle?

Answer 23

The cyclical rise and fall of different governing dynasties based on the approval of the gods

Question 24

What did Confucianism focus on?

Answer 24

Relationships

Question 25

What type of relationships did Confucianism focus on? Examples?

Answer 25

Unequal relationships 1. Father and son 2. Husband and wife 3. Older and younger brothers 4. Ruler and subject

Question 26

How did Confucius think people should react to their roles in society?

Answer 26

Accept their roles and the amount of power it gives them, but be respectful "Superiors" should act with benevolence and concern for their inferiors, and "inferiors" should act wit deference and respect to their superiors

Question 27

Why did Confucius think women should be educated?

Answer 27

To learn to be quiet (seen not heard) and to serve their husband

Question 28

What are some important features of Confucianism?

Answer 28

Patriarchal Classist Non-egalitarian

Question 29

In the eyes of Confucius, what are the characteristics of a person who has virtue or wisdom?

Answer 29

Benevolence, kindness, charity, caring for those below them

Question 30

Confucianism SPRITE?

Answer 30

Social - unequal relationships between people Political - leaders must be benevolent and kind, while their followers must be respectful and obedient Religious - n/a Technological - n/a Economics - only good people should have riches and power, and poverty should be put upon evil people

Question 31

What are three examples of Confucius' thoughts of government?

Answer 31

1. Laws don't work and society should be led by virtue 2. Only good/kind people should be rulers, and crooked people should be set aside 3. If rulers are kind to the people beneath them, those people under their rule will be kind and virtuous

Question 32

Whose approach to government was called Legalism?

Answer 32

Han Fei

Question 33

What did believers of 'Legalism' think was required for an effective government?

Answer 33

The use of many strong laws

Question 34

What are the "two handles" of Legalism?

Answer 34

Chastisement (punishment) and commendation (rewards)

Question 35

To whom does Han Fei believe his measures should apply?

Answer 35

Everyone. He believes that powerful people shouldn't be exempt from punishment just because of his status, and nor should common people be unfairly punished or denied rewards for their actions

Question 36

What view of human nature supports Han Fei's beliefs?

Answer 36

People fear punishment but love rewards, so they will do good things to earn rewards and avoid the punishments

Question 37

What is meritocracy?

Answer 37

The belief in the advancement of people due to their skills and ability, not because of who their parents are

Question 38

What are some important features of Legalism?

Answer 38

Patriarchal Not classist Egalitarian

Question 39

Legalism SPRITE?

Answer 39

Social - people must act in a good manner both privately and in public, and the only way to uphold this is through the law Political - rulers must create strong laws that apply to everyone Religious - n/a Technological - n/a Economics - people will be rewarded for good behavior and punished for bad