Ideologies, Greece, and Rome Test

Question 1

Defie empire

Answer 1

lands and people brought under a single governing power, typically by force

Question 2

Define ideology

Answer 2

a system of ideas and ideals

Question 3

Define monarchy

Answer 3

“rule by one”

Question 4

Define oligarchy

Answer 4

“rule by the few”
negative connotation of rule by the rich, as they are often ruling for personal gain

Question 5

Define feudalism

Answer 5

an economic and political system based on the exchange of land for loyalty and protection

Question 6

Define dynasty

Answer 6

ruling power is passed down through families

Question 7

Define aristocracy

Answer 7

“rule by the best”
rule by the rich, often rich people who were descended from the city founders

Question 8

Define democracy

Answer 8

“power of the people”
citizens play a direct role in the government by voting on laws and other government policies

Question 9

Define republic

Answer 9

“government through representatives”

Question 10

Define tyranny

Answer 10

“rule by one” (but with absolute power)
tyrants rule by force with no regard for their subordinates

Question 11

What were the three main parts of Athenian democracy?

Answer 11

the Assembly, the Council of 4/500, and the citizens

Question 12

What was the Assembly in Athenian democracy?

Answer 12

The deliberative and legislative body that all citizens were allowed to participate in

Question 13

What was the Council of 4/500?

Answer 13

A council of people selected by lot from the different social classes/tribes to represent their group in leading the assembly

Question 14

What were the requirements to become a citizen in Ancient Greece? (6)

Answer 14

Must be:
- born in Athens
- a man
- a property owner
- free
- over 21 years old
- part of the military (or former military member)

Question 15

What were the 4 parts of the Roman Republic?

Answer 15

Senate, consuls, tribune assemblies, and dictator

Question 16

What was the senate in the Roman Republic? Who were members? What did they do?

Answer 16

the aristocratic legislative body
300 patricians that could serve for life
pick consuls and, in times of crisis, the dictator

Question 17

What were the tribune assemblies in the Roman Republic? Who were members? What did they do?

Answer 17

the democratic legislative body
plebs voted into 1 year terms
represented the plebs and could veto the senate

Question 18

What were the consuls in the Roman Republic? Who were members? What did they do?

Answer 18

the monarchical government body
2 patricians elected by the senate into 1 year terms
in charge of executing the law and running the military

Question 19

What was the dictator in the Roman Republic? What were the rules?

Answer 19

a ruler given absolute power by the senate in times of crisis
could only hold power for 6 months at a time, but could be given additional time

Question 20

Who were the patricians in the Roman republic?

Answer 20

Roman aristocrats

Question 21

Who were the plebians in the Roman republic? Nickname?

Answer 21

Roman working class
plebs

Question 22

Define “Pax Romana.” What does it translate to?

Answer 22

the era of relative internal peace and stability that ended with the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 AD
Roman peace

Question 23

What was the 12 Tables?

Answer 23

the written constitution of the Romans

Question 24

What is the Daodejing?

Answer 24

the important daoist text written by Laozi

Question 25

What are the Analects?

Answer 25

the important confucianist text

Question 26

What is the Code of Hammurabi?

Answer 26

one of the first law codes, written by Hammurabi

Question 27

Define reform

Answer 27

make changes in a political in order to improve it

Question 28

What city replaced Rome as the political and cultural center of the Roman Empire?

Answer 28

Byzantium (originally Constantinople)

Question 29

What society emerged as a result of Byzantium/Constantinople’s sudden importance? When did it “end”?

Answer 29

the Byzantine Empire 1453

Question 30

What is the yin-yang?

Answer 30

a daoist symbol representing harmonized contrast (dark = female and passive, light = male and active)

Question 31

What is the dao?

Answer 31

the way; an infinite cosmological process that regulates all existence and that daoists aim to align their lives with in order to achieve spiritual immortality

Question 32

Define “eye for an eye”

Answer 32

a saying that originated in the Code of Hammurabi, which states that if you poke out a man’s eye, your eye will be poked out as punishment

Question 33

Define stele

Answer 33

tall, stone monuments with the Code of Hammurabi written on them that King Hammurabi placed in the town centers of all the areas he conquered in order to spread knowledge of his legal code

Question 34

Define classist

Answer 34

prejudice against or in favor of people belonging to a particular social class

Question 35

Define patriarchal

Answer 35

a governmental/social system controlled by men

Question 36

Define egalitarian

Answer 36

relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

Question 37

Define Quechua

Answer 37

the language spoken by the Inca that they imposed on all the areas they conquered

Question 38

What are romance languages (and examples)?

Answer 38

the languages formed when Latin spread during the Roman Republic's conquest and expansion Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian

Question 39

Define Confucianism. What does it focus on? What are some key elements of it?

Answer 39

an ideology based around the teachings of Confucius uneven relationships, superiors and inferiors, and benevolence patriarchal and classist

Question 40

Define Daoism. What does it focus on? What are some key elements of it?

Answer 40

an ideology based around the teachings of Laozi and in response to people's dislike of Confucianism harmonized contrast and aligning yourself with the Dao (the way/nature) to achieve spiritual immortality egalitarian

Question 41

Define Legalism. What does it focus on? What are some key elements of it?

Answer 41

an ideology based around the teachings of many people, especially Han Fei the use of harsh laws and punishments to create deterrence and encourage people to follow the law patriarchal and classist

Question 42

Define command economy

Answer 42

an economy controlled by the state/government, in which all land is owned by the state and no people can own private businesses/property

Question 43

Who was Hammurabi?

Answer 43

the king who conquered his neighboring city states, formed the Babylonian Empire, and wrote one of the first legal codes (the Code of Hammurabi)

Question 44

Who was Confucius?

Answer 44

a popular tutor in the Zhou Dynasty whose followers collected his teachings and wrote them in The Analects, forming the ideology Confucianism

Question 45

Who was Laozi?

Answer 45

a possibly mythical figure who wrote the Daodejing and encouraged people to abandon society, forming the ideology of Daoism

Question 46

Who was Han Fei?

Answer 46

one of the important philosophers and writers of the ideology of Legalism

Question 47

Who was Huayana Capac?

Answer 47

one of the leaders of the Inca Empire

Question 48

Who was Draco?

Answer 48

an Athenian leader who came to power in order to prevent civil war

Question 49

What did Draco do?

Answer 49

established a written legal code, established equality before the law, and enforced debt slavery

Question 50

Who was Solon?

Answer 50

the person chosen by the Athenian aristocracy to institute changes as a result of the class conflict caused by Draco's laws

Question 51

What did Solon do?

Answer 51

abolished debt slavery, created 4 social classes, created the Council of 400, and allowed all citizens to participate in the Assembly

Question 52

Who was Cleisthenes?

Answer 52

the man widely thought of as the first democrat who overthrew the tyranny that had taken over Athens after Solon

Question 53

What did Cleisthenes do?

Answer 53

divided Athens into 10 geographic tribes, expanded to the Council of 500, and made each tribe elect a general

Question 54

Who was Pericles?

Answer 54

the man who created direct democracy in Athens

Question 55

What did Pericles do?

Answer 55

removed property requirements for citizenship, made offices be chosen by election or lot, instituted pay for politicians and jurors, and established boards to oversee roads, taxes, trash removal, etc.

Question 56

Who was Julius Caesar?

Answer 56

the first Roman dictator for life, who came to power through a Civil War and was assassinated by his fellow senators

Question 57

What Octavian do and who did he become?

Answer 57

defeated the Senators who assassinated Julius Caesar and his enemies, changed his name to Caesar Augustus, and assumed the title of Imperator (aka emperor)