Cog app to treating dep Flashcards
What is CBT?
Cognitive-behavioural therapy
What does REBT stand for
Rational emotional behaviour therapy
What does ABCDEFGH stand for
Activating event
Belief
Consequence
Disputing
Effects
Feelings
unconditional positive reGard
Homework
Challenging irrational thoughts
DEF
D: disputing irrational thoughts and beliefs
E: effects of disputing and effective attitude to life
F: new feelings (emotions) that are produced
REBT focuses on challenging and disputing the irrational thoughts/belieds and replacing them w rational beliefs
Logical disputing= self-defeating belies do not follow logically from the information available
Empirical disputing= self-defeating beliefs may not be consistent with reality
Pragmatic disputing= emphasises the lack of usefulness of self-defeating beliefs
Effective disputing changes self-defeating beliefs into more rational beliefs.
Homework
Clients are often asked to complete assignments between therapy sessions.
Eg: asking a person out on a date when they had been afraid to do so before for fear of rejection, looking for a new job
Vital in testing irrational beliefs against reality and putting new rational beliefs into practice.
unconditional positive reGard
Ellis realised that an important aspect of successful therapy was convincing the client of their value as a human being
If the client feels worthless, they will be less willing to change their beliefs and behaviour
AO3 cog treat dep
str: research support
lim: ind diffs
str: support for behavioural activation
lim: alt tre
cog treat dep str: research
Ellis: claimed a 90% success rate for REBT, taking an average of 27 sessions to complete the treatment
REBT, and CBT in general, have done well in outcome studies of depression
Review by Cuijpers: Of 75 studies found that CBT was superior to no treatment.
However, Ellis recognised that the therapy was not always effective, and suggested that this could be because some clients did not put their revised beliefs into action
Kuyken and Tsivrikos: Therapist competence also appears to explain a significant amount of the variation in CBT outcomes
This suggests that REBT is effective, but other factors relating to both client and therapist may limit its effectiveness.
cog treat dep lim: individual differences
CBT appears to be more suitable for some individuals than others.
Elkin: CBT appears to be less suitable for people who have high levels of irrational beliefs that are both rigid and resistant to change
Simons: CBT also appears to be less suitable in situations where high levels of stress in the individual reflect realistic stressors in the person’s life that therapy cannot resolve
Ellis: Explained a possible lack of success in terms of suitability - some people simply do not want the direct sort of advice that CBT practitioners tend to dispense; they prefer to share their worries with a therapist without getting involved in the cognitive effort associated with recovery
= individual diffs affect its effectiveness
cog treat dep: support for behavioural activation
Belief that changing behaviour can go some way to alleviating depression is supported by a study on the beneficial effects of exercise.
Babyak: studied 156 adult volunteers diagnosed with major depressive disorder.
They were randomly assigned to a four-month course of aerobic exercise, drug treatment or a combination of the two.
Clients in all three groups exhibited significant improvement at the end of the four months:
Six months after the end of the study, those in the exercise group had significantly lower relapse rates than those in the medication group.
This shows that a change in behaviour (i.e. physical activity) can indeed be beneficial in treating dep
cog treat dep lim: alternative treatments
Other treatments are available inc SSRIs
Drug therapies have the strength of requiring less effort on the part of the client ( Ellis required 27 sessions of REBT, which is a lot of commitment).
A lso be used in conjunction with a psychotherapy such as CBT. This may be useful because a distressed client may be unable to focus on the demands of CBT and the drug treatment could enable them to cope better.
Review by Cuijupers: found that CBT was especially effective if it was used in conjunction with drug therapy.
that CBT was especially effective if it was used in conjunction with drug therapy.
