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Physical Dysfunction II > Cognition > Flashcards

Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

cognitive functions most commonly affected by ischemic stroke

A

language
attention
orientation
memory

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2
Q

cognitive functioning is a predictor of

A

functional impairment

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3
Q

goal of OT in pts with cognitive deficits

A

help client cope with impairments that result in reduced ability or participation

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4
Q

things the therapist should test before cognitive testing

A

sensory systems
language
visual systems
perceptual systems

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5
Q

important considerations when performing cognitive testing

A

**testing environment
input from healthcare team before determining results
observe in a number of settings
use standardized tests

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6
Q

optimal test battery for cognitive testing

A

standardized test

observation during functional tasks

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7
Q

areas of cognition

A

attention
memory
executive function
?

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8
Q

spatial attention

A

ability to attend to environment

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9
Q

selective attention

A

ability to maintain a consistent behavioral set requiring activation and inhibition of responses that are dependent on the selection of target stimuli from background stimuli

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10
Q

sustained attention

A

ability to maintain a consistent response set during continuous or repetitve activity

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11
Q

alternating attention

A

ability to switch response sets as a response to environmental cues so that two activities with distinct reponse requirements can be performed in space (finish one task and move on to another)

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12
Q

divided attention

A

ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks

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13
Q

does TBI/CVA affect automatic processing

A

no

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14
Q

standardized tests for attention

A

Test of everyday attention

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15
Q

interventions for attention deficit

A
  • highly structured activities designed to stress specific attentional systems
  • attention process training
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16
Q

attention process training

A

hierarchies of treatment tasks for each component of attention

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17
Q

memory system most likely to be impaired in TBI, stroke, and early dementia

A

episodic memory

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18
Q

function of short term/working memory

A

short term storage and processing of small amounts of information 7+/-2

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19
Q

function of episodic memory

A

may have a short term or long term encoding process; memory for events with perceptual and temporal correlates still attached to them

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20
Q

function of semantic memory

A

knowledge about the word (facts); general knowledge without acquisition context

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21
Q

function of perceptual priming

A

object identification

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22
Q

function of conceptual priming

A

activation of knowledge structures

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23
Q

function of associative conditioning

A

mapping of relationships established through repetitive painings; a tendency to respond in a certain way to a consistent cue

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24
Q

function of habituation

A

reduction in response to repetitive stimuli

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25
function of sensitization
increased response to repetitive stimuli
26
location of STM/WM in brain
primary ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex
27
location of episodic memory in brain
hippocampus, medial temporal structures, diencephalic and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex
28
location of semantic memory in brain
wide distribution in neocortex
29
location of motor skill learning in brain
basal ganglia, cerebellum, frontal lobes help when learning and executing
30
location of associative conditioning in brain
basal ganglia, cerebellum
31
location of habituation in brain
basal ganglia and cerebellum
32
location of sensitization in brain
limbic cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum
33
evaluation of memory
assess orientation (person, place, time) structured interview of client and family standardized testing observation of client in daily routines
34
order aspects of orientation return
person place time
35
progressive loss of orientation in dementia occurs in what order
time place person
36
memory retraining methods
1. resistution/remedial 2. substitution/adaptive 3. over-learn tasks
37
external memory techniques
checklists time tables memory books daily organizers
38
internal memory strategies
not very effective visual imagery verbal elaboration methods
39
components of executive function
goal formation planning and carrying out plan effective performance
40
standardized assessment of executive function
EFPT
41
components of problem solving
attention memory planning and organizing reasoning & making judgements
42
2/3 of clients with acure right hemisphere stroke also have
unilateral neglect
43
3 attentional processes
orienting target detection tonic arousal
44
orienting
ability to orient to visual stimula in space
45
target detection
locating a specific object and responding to it
46
tonic arousal
alert state of stimuli in a certain area (located in right side of brain)
47
paper and pencil assessments of hemi-neglect
line bisection test draw an object letter or number cancellation tasks
48
behavioral inattention test
Part 1: paper & pencil tasks (line crossing, letter cancellation, etc) Part 2: behavioral tests: picture scanning, telephone dialing, menu reading, etc *Client only does part 2 if he/she falls below cutoff score on part 1
49
interventions for visual neglect
visual scanning training prism adaptation limb activation training general arousal/vigilance training
50
appreciative visual agnosia
final integration of perceptual attributes (seen with widespread brain pathology)
51
associative agnosia
can see object with clarity to match or draw it, but do not know what object is
52
intervention for agnosia
limit task demands | avoid conflicting stimulus demands
53
apraxia
disorders of skilled purposeful movement that cannot be accounted for by weakness, abnormal tone, sensory loss, etc
54
apraxia is also associated with what other perceptual disorder?
agnosia (due to L hemisphere)
55
limb-kinetic apraxia
difficulty making fine skilled movements (most often finger movement)
56
ideomotor apraxia
unable to perform a purposeful motor task on command, even though he/she understands the idea or concept of the task
57
ideational apraxia
cannot carry out a series of actions in the sequence required to achieve the goal
58
oral apraxia
difficulty with oral motor movements | -feeding, initaiting swallowing
59
signs of apraxia during functional activity
- clumsy - marked delay in following a command - appear attentive to commands, but then do something else - perform half of a task and then turn to another action - profound difficulties in using or manipulating objects
60
evaluate apraxia
- ask client to gesture in response to command (ie, wave goodbye, tool use) - ask client to perform serial acts that require a specific order of execution (write and mail a letter, brush teeth)
61
interventions for apraxia
1. environmental modifications 2. practice of functional activities 3. compensatory strategies -verbal commands are difficult for these patients, so gesturing may be more helpful
62
principles of motivational interviewing
1. express empathy 2. develop discrepancy 3. avoid argumentation 4. roll with resistance 5. support self-efficacy
63
system of least prompts
therapist provides cues arranged from most general to most specific
64
time-delay procedures
1. cue designed to elicit next step in chain is delivered to coincide with completion of the previous step in the chain 2. a defined interval is inserted between the occurance of the stimulus and the response-eliciting cue (interval can be progressive or constant)
65
control of behavior by antecedant
indirect way to initiate a desired behavior when a direct approach has been ineffective (ie. hand client a shirt instead of saying "get dressed")

Physical Dysfunction II (16 decks)

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