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Georgetown Neurophysiology_Spring 2019 > Cognition and Emotion > Flashcards

Cognition and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognition?

A

Cognition is being aware of body/brain state

the neural processes by which the brain integrates meaningful stimuli & internal motivations into awareness and appropriate response

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2
Q

What is behavior?

A

A response to a

meaningful stimuli

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3
Q

What are the 5 Steps in cognition processing?

A
  1. Attention ( parietal)
  2. Recognition ( temporal)
  3. Integration
  4. Planning
  5. Selection and Execution
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4
Q

Describe a stimuli as it relates to cognition

A

A stimuli can be external or internal

external stimuli is detected by special sensory systems ( eye, hearing, taste, smell)

internal stimuli is related to the brain/body state

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5
Q

What percentage of the human brain is made of assocational cortices? of primary motor and sensory cortices?

A

Assocational cortices make up 75 percent of the brains area

Primary motor and sensory cortices make up 25 percent of the brain’s area

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6
Q

Why is awareness subjective/veridical?

A

Awareness is subjective b/c each human individual has different experiences in life which affects their emotions, mood, motivations, memory, etc. These affects effect how an individual perceives a meaningful stimuli

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7
Q

Areas in the brain where the associational cortices are located

A

Frontal-
Temporal-Recognition
Parietal-attention

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8
Q

What behavioral function is associated with the parietal associational cortex?

A

Attention

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9
Q

Boundaries of parietal associational cortex are_____________.

A

There is a right and left lobe of the the parietal associational cortex

The boundaries of this cortex are the central sulcus, lateral fissure and parietal-occipital sulcus

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10
Q

What area within the parietal associational cortex is to direct attention

A

The posterior parietal network

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11
Q

What properties does the neurons in the parietal associational cortex have?

A

Properties:

directionality (neuron respond to stimuli depending where they are in visual/ field

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12
Q

What is asymmetrical attention modulation in the visual field ?

A

The L and R lobe of the parietal associational cortex modulates the R visual field

The R lobe of the parietal associational cortex modulates the L visual field

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13
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe associational cortex?

A

Recognition;

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14
Q

Which gyrus in the temporal lobe of the associational cortex is responsible for facial recognition

A

Fusiform or occiptal temporal gyrus

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15
Q

What are the steps in the ventral pathway?

A

V1 ( BA 17) to V2 ( BA 18) to V4 ( Secondary visual cortex)

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16
Q

What two

brain structures are involved with emotional processing

A

Amygdala-internal emotional response; implicit

Hippocampus- external emotional response; explicit

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17
Q

What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion

A

Emotion processing is directional

An emotion causes a physical/physiological response or behavior

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18
Q

What is associative learning?

A

Associating emotions to a stimuli

requires a sensory stimuli and a primary reinforcer

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19
Q

Two types of sensory stimuli in associative learning

A
  1. Interoceptive-w/in body

2. Exteroceptive-outside body

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20
Q

Two types of primary reinforcers

A
  1. rewards-seek out

2. Punishers-avoid

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21
Q

General Processing of Associative Learning

A

emotional input and non-emotional input come together to have an output to somatic or visceral system

22
Q

3 parts of emotional processing

A
  1. somatic and visceral effects
  2. cognitive significance
  3. Subjective feelings

Emotional processing occurs in a loop

23
Q

Structures of Limbic Forebrain

A

made of orbital and medial

prefrontal cortex; putamen; caudate; amygdala;and hippocampus

24
Q

3 Functional divisions of limbic forebrain

A
  1. Olfactory-special sensory ( mostly smell, flavor)
  2. Amygdala/orbital prefrontal-implicit
  3. parahippocampal-explicit
25
Q

Examples of implicit processing

A

visceral motor control

emotional experience and expression

appetitive drives

social behavior

26
Q

Examples of explicit processing

A

episodic memory acquistion

consolidation

spatial mapping

27
Q

Limbic forebrain

A

Limbic forebrain is a loose network of brain structures involved in emotional processing

28
Q

Where does emotional movement behavior orginates

A

Limbic forebrain

29
Q

What are the two types of smiles in facial expression

A
  1. pyrmidal smile=non-emotional, voluntary facial muscles activation
  2. Duchenne smile=emotional facial muscle activation
30
Q

What are the three parts of the amygdala

A
  1. central group
  2. medial group
  3. basolateral group
31
Q

Which phase in emotional processing is amygdala assoicated with?

A

Cognitive significance

32
Q

What is the function of medial group of amygdala?

A

output from amygdala to medial hypothalamus

33
Q

What is the function of the basolateral group of amygdala?

A

connection to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex

this group is the largest of the groups that make up amygdala

34
Q

Fear conditioning

A

type of associative learning that is responsible for associated with amygdala

35
Q

What emotions is the amygdala is associated with?

A
  1. Fear

2. Trustworthiness

36
Q

what is the relationship b/w fear and amygdala activity

A

Increased fear, increase amygdala activity

37
Q

what is the relationship between trustworthiness and amygdala activity

A

Decreased trustworthiness, increase amygdala activity

38
Q

What are the two types of smiles in facial expression

A
  1. pyrmidal smile=non-emotional, voluntary facial muscles activation
  2. Duchenne smile=emotional facial muscle activation
39
Q

What are the three parts of the amygdala

A
  1. central group
  2. medial group
  3. basolateral group
40
Q

Which phase in emotional processing is amygdala assoicated with?

A

Cognitive significance

41
Q

What is the function of medial group of amygdala?

A

output from amygdala to medial hypothalamus

42
Q

What is the function of the basolateral group of amygdala?

A

connection to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex

this group is the largest of the groups that make up amygdala

43
Q

Fear conditioning

A

type of associative learning that is responsible for associated with amygdala

44
Q

What emotions is the amygdala is associated with?

A
  1. Fear

2. Trustworthiness

45
Q

what is the relationship b/w fear and amygdala activity

A

Increased fear, increase amygdala activity

46
Q

what is the relationship between trustworthiness and amygdala activity

A

Decreased trustworthiness, increase amygdala activity

47
Q

Lesion to right amygdala would result what defective emotional processing?

A

results in someone being overly trusting another person when they should not

48
Q

result of amygdala hypofunction

A

deficits in info processing

49
Q

result of amygdala hyperfunction

A

excessive vigilance and anxiety

50
Q

Function of orbital-medial prefrontal cortex

A
  1. reasoning ( what is right and wrong)

2. social cues and behavior

51
Q

Damage to orbital-medial prefrontal cortex

A

Results in making repeated bad choices despite the negative consequence(s) of choice

Georgetown Neurophysiology_Spring 2019 (25 decks)

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