Cognition & The Brain Flashcards

Question

Temporal Lobe

Answer 1

* Smelling * Hearing * Language comprehension * Helps us perform complex tasks.

Answer 2

* Cannot do anything by themselves * Neuron activity is simple, but behavior is complex * Underlines ALL activity in the nervous system * Allows body to work

Answer 3

• Picks up msg. from other neurons & deliver them to the cell body

Answer 4

* Axon * Dendrite * Cell body * Cell nucleus * Synapses * Myelin Sheath

Answer 5

• Space btwn. 2 neurons

Answer 6

* Helps speed neural impulses | * Amplifies msg. of Axon

Answer 7

* "Soma" * Largest part of the cell * HOLDS the nucleus * Where the DNA is, located in the chromosomes.

Answer 8

• Synaptic gap or cleft = separating neurons

Answer 9

* Electricity * Spike * Has to go down the Axon * Stronger stimulus will trigger more neurons * Switches ion * Generated by + charged ions * Resting potential waiting for something to happen

Answer 10

* Increasingly bright lights produce more firing (which is why we can distinguish a brighter bulb from a dimmer bulb) * Bigger stimulus=Higher frequency of action potential

Answer 11

* Functional * Radioactive trackers used * Consumption of glucose, blood flow, oxygen

Answer 12

* Functional * Blood flow * Can be measured w/out radio trackers * Indicates presence of brain activity

Answer 13

* Shows area of the brain that are active while the brain is completing cognitive tasks * Enables researchers to determine which brain areas are being activated

Answer 14

• Cannot recognize familiar faces

Answer 15

• latch like a key & a lock.

Answer 16

* Have to find their appropriate "lock" * Have their own identity * Only found in certain areas of the brain * Interact with post synaptic membrane= can be excitatory (increase behavior) or inhibitory (decrease behavior)

Answer 17

* Movement * Learning * Attention * Emotion * Excess linked to schizophrenia * Undersupply= tremors, decrease of mobility of parkinson's disease.

Answer 18

• Pre-synaptic neuron

Answer 19

• Post-synaptic neuron

Answer 20

1. Action potential travel from one neuron to another across the synapse 2. When an action potential reaches an axon terminal = stimulates the release of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles. Those molecules cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron. Allows electrically charged atoms to enter the receiving neuron and excite or inhibit NEW action potential. 3. REUPTAKE. Sending neuron normally reabsorbs excess neurotransmitter molecules.

Answer 21

* Helps control alertness & arousal | * Undersupply: depress mood

Answer 22

* MAJOR inhibitory (decrease in behavior) neurotransmitter | * Undersupply=linked to seizures, tremors & insomnia

Answer 23

* Major excitatory (increase behavior) * important to memory * oversupply= can overstimulate brain producing migraines & seizures * why some ppl avoid MSG

Answer 24

* Best understood * Vital role in learning & memory * Messenger at every junction btwn. a motor neuron & skeletal muscle * ACh released to our muscle cells=contracts * ACh is blocked = muscle cannot move

Answer 25

• Causes animal to become paralyzed

Answer 26

• Poison caused by improperly canned food

Answer 27

* The right one * Agonist * Antagonist

Answer 28

• Molecular structure that fits the receptor site on receiving neuron

Answer 29

* Mimics neurotransmitter * Excites * Similar enough that it mimics the effects of a receiving neuron

Answer 30

* Blocks neurotransmitter | * Similar enough to occupy receptor site, block action, but not similar enough to stimulate receptor.

Answer 31

* block repute process=oversupply in synaptic gap * may stop producing its own opiates * Results=withdrawal symptoms

Answer 32

* Phineas gage was in a explosion where propelled tampered into skull. Woke up hours later w/ diff personality. * before: nice, hard-worker, responsible * after: impatient, profane, child-like * taught us diff. areas of function

Answer 33

* Believed you had to exercise your brain to maintain abilities * believed that brain changed shapes * First way of cataloging the brain

Answer 34

* Larger lesion * speaking grammatical sentences, that don't really have meaning * longer sentences * Random responses

Answer 35

* Short sentences | * Ungrammatical sentences

Answer 36

* The ability of our brain to be retrained * happened specifically in the case of the girl who was having seizures, had a hemisphere removes & still lived a normal life.

Answer 37

Emotional brain

Answer 38

Transmits signals to other cells