Cognitive Bias Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is cognitive bias?
Cognitive bias refers to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
True or False: Cognitive biases can affect our decision-making processes.
True
Fill in the blank: Cognitive biases often lead to _____ judgments.
irrational
What is confirmation bias?
Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?
A) Anchoring
B) Rational thinking
C) Logical reasoning
D) Statistical analysis
A) Anchoring
What does the term ‘anchoring’ refer to in cognitive bias?
Anchoring refers to the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.
Salespeople
True or False: The availability heuristic is a cognitive bias that affects how easily examples come to mind.
True
What is the Dunning-Kruger effect?
The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias where individuals with low ability at a task overestimate their ability.
Baby boomers
Fill in the blank: The _____ bias occurs when individuals believe they are less susceptible to biases than others.
bias blind spot
Blind sighting
Multiple Choice: Which cognitive bias leads people to believe that past events were more predictable than they actually were?
A) Hindsight bias
B) Status quo bias
C) Framing effect
D) Self-serving bias
A) Hindsight bias
What is the framing effect?
The framing effect is a cognitive bias where people react differently depending on how information is presented.
True or False: The self-serving bias involves attributing positive events to oneself and negative events to external factors.
True
What is the availability heuristic?
The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person’s mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.
Fill in the blank: The _____ bias occurs when people favor information that confirms their existing beliefs.
confirmation
Multiple Choice: Which of the following biases can lead to overconfidence in decision-making?
A) Overconfidence bias
B) Optimism bias
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
What is the optimism bias?
The optimism bias is the belief that one is less likely to experience a negative event compared to others.
True or False: Cognitive biases can be eliminated completely.
False
What is the impact of cognitive biases on decision-making?
Cognitive biases can lead to poor decision-making by distorting perception and judgment.
Fill in the blank: Cognitive biases are often a result of _____ mental shortcuts.
heuristic
Multiple Choice: Which cognitive bias describes the tendency to stick with the current situation rather than change?
A) Loss aversion
B) Status quo bias
C) Anchoring
D) Confirmation bias
B) Status quo bias
What is loss aversion?
Loss aversion is a cognitive bias where people prefer to avoid losses rather than acquiring equivalent gains.
True or False: Cognitive biases only affect individual decision-making, not group decisions.
False
What role does social influence play in cognitive biases?
Social influence can exacerbate cognitive biases as individuals may conform to group opinions or behaviors.
Fill in the blank: The _____ effect is when people perceive outcomes as being more favorable if they are framed positively.
framing
