Cognitive Biases (Unit 1) Flashcards
(16 cards)
Overgeneralizing
Reaching a conclusion or developing general rule from one or several isolated facts and applying it to situations related to fact in question and to others which are unrelated
Magnifying
Error in assessing magnitude or significance of a negative event, increasing its significance
Minimizing
Error in assessing magnitude or significant of positive event by decreasing its significance
Labelling
Attributing a feature with a global negative connotation or a negative label either to oneself or to others
Control Fallacies
believing that you have all the control over something or no control at all
Blaming
Blaming oneself for everything that happens vs. blaming others for everything (inward vs outward)
Personalizing
Tendency to attribute external events to oneself without a firm basis of making its connection
Mind reading
Believing that it is possible to know what others think, and why they behave the way they do
Fortune teller’s fallacy
Constantly guessing the future
Emotional Reasoning
Interpreting reality on basis of my emotions and feelings
Shoulds
Demanding that individual, others, world, should be different, not focusing on what they are actually like
Regret orientation
Focusing on what could have been, on what you could have done in the PAST
Always being right
Believing that you are always right, without questioning that you can be wrong –> not listening and getting defensive
Inability to (de)confirm
Rejecting evidence that could contradict your thoughts –> what you think becomes unquestionable.
Arbitrary inference
coming to a conclusion without any supporting evidence or relying on evidence that may even contradict the conclusion (e.g. people don’t like me)
Selective abstraction (jumping to conclusions)
Evaluating an experience focusing on a specific detail taken out of context and ignoring other more relevant elements in the situation
