Cognitive Dysfunctions Part 1

Question 1

what is cognition

Answer 1

process, sort, retrieve and interpret info

executive functions ganun

Question 2

what is perception

Answer 2

process and interpret sensory information

Question 3

sensation vs perception

Answer 3

sensation: awareness of stim through organs

perception: process and interpret sensory information

Question 4

what are the different types of attention

Answer 4

sustained

focused

divided

alternating

Question 5

discuss sustained attention

Answer 5

focus on one task s getting distracted

listening to lecture for 2 hrs

Question 6

discuss focused attention

Answer 6

attend to task despite environmental distractions

listening to friend despite noises

Question 7

discuss divided attention

Answer 7

multitasking or performing both tasks at the same time

Question 8

discuss alternating attention

Answer 8

doing 2 tasks but not sabay

ability to move flexibly between tasks

Question 9

what is attention

Answer 9

ability to select stimuli and block others

Question 10

areas affected in deficits of attention

Answer 10

reticular formation

sensory systems

limbic system

frontal regions

Question 11

areas affected in deficits of memory

Answer 11

frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

limbic

Question 12

areas affected in deficits of executive function

Answer 12

frontal cortex

prefrontal cortex

cortical areas

subcortical areas

Question 13

assessment for executive functions

Answer 13

solving puzzles

abstract reasoning

abstract concepts

Question 14

determine what you need to do and want you want to do

Answer 14

volition

Question 15

identify and organize steps needed to achieve a certain goal

Answer 15

planning

Question 16

initiate, to maintain, to switch, and to stop certain complex actions that you’re performing

Answer 16

purposive action

Question 17

quality control such as the ability to self-monitor and self correct

Answer 17

effective performance

Question 18

assessment for memory

Answer 18

ALAM M N YN BOI

Question 19

compare body image and body scheme

Answer 19

body image - visual and mental image of own body\

body scheme - rela of body parts and body to environment

Question 20

unilateral neglect

Answer 20

inability to register stim and perception from one side

inferior-posterior parietal lobe

BADLs or IADLs

Question 21

types of unilateral neglect

Answer 21

personal - x acknowledge stim on contra side

peripersonal - x stim on space in arm’s reach

extrapersonal - x stim on space more than arm’s reach

motor - failure to move in respond to stim pero normal MMT and ROM

spatial - x stim on contra side of space

sensory - x awareness contra stim

Question 22

anosognosia

Answer 22

denial of paretic side

supramarginal gyrus

ask about arm - what happened, how it feels, why cant move

Question 23

somatoagnosia

Answer 23

aka autopagnosia or body agnosia

lack of awareness of body parts

dominant parietal lobe

name and pt points body parts

Question 24

R-L discrimination

Answer 24

know body parts but not laterality

parietal lobe

point to body parts c laterality

Question 25

finger agnosia

Answer 25

inability to identify fingers or inconsistent angular gyrus of left parietal lobe name fingers or imitate finger movements

Question 26

figure-ground discrimination

Answer 26

distinguish figure from background parieto-occipital lesions of (R) hemisphere tissue on white paper or tracing overlapping drawings

Question 27

form discrimination

Answer 27

perceive differences in form and shape parieto-temporo-occipital region of nondominant lobe pt will pick up and identify object

Question 28

spatial relations disorder

Answer 28

perceive the relationship of one object in space to another object or oneself inferior parietal lobe and parieto-occipital-temporal junction setting up a table, ask the time

Question 29

position in space

Answer 29

perceive and to interpret spatial concepts such as up, down, under, over, in, out, in front of and behind non-dominant parietal lobe describe relationship of 2 objects, shoe box and shoe

Question 30

topographical orientation

Answer 30

understanding and remembering the relationship of one location to another right retrosplenial cortex and bilateral parietal lesions familiar route

Question 31

depth and distance perception

Answer 31

inaccurate judgment of direction, distance, and depth posterior right hemisphere in sup visual association cortices grasp object and fill glass of water

Question 32

vertical disorientation

Answer 32

perception of vertical or maintaining vertical position non-dominant parietal lobe hand a cane and revert to vertical

Question 33

agnosia

Answer 33

recognize or make sense of incoming information despite intact sensory

Question 34

visual agnosia

Answer 34

inability to recognize familiar objects despite normal function occipito-temporo-parietal association areas name objects through vision only

Question 35

types of visual agnosia

Answer 35

simultagnosia - inability to percieve visual stim as a whole; cant describe whole picture prosopoagnosia - x recognize faces; voice lng color agnosia - x color recognition; know color but cannot associate

Question 36

auditory agnosia

Answer 36

inability recognize nonspeech sounds or to discriminate dominant temporal lobe close eyes and ident sound

Question 37

tactile agnosia

Answer 37

aka astereognosis parieto-temporo-occipital lobe of either hemisphere close eyes identify object in hand

Question 38

apraxia

Answer 38

inability to perform purposeful movements which cannot be accounted for by problem with strength, loss of coordination, impaired sensation, attentional deficits, poor comprehension, or uncooperativeness

Question 39

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 39

can do tasks automatically but not upon command left dominant hemisphere, frontal lesions and post parietal lesions command pt to do common tasks

Question 40

ideational apraxia

Answer 40

cant do purposeful motions either automatic or command dominant parietal lobe command pt to do common tasks

Question 41

buccofacial apraxia

Answer 41

x purposeful movements with the lips, tongue, cheeks, larynx, and pharynx on command oral apraxia frontal lobe, central opercular, anterior insula and first temporal gyrus perform movements of mouth