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PT 10116 - Neuro Exam > Sensory and Reflex Testing > Flashcards

Sensory and Reflex Testing Flashcards

1
Q

first thing to do before sensory testing

A

mental status testing

cerebrum test

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2
Q

superficial

A

light touch
pin prick
deep pressure
temperature

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3
Q

deep

A

tested on distal extremities (hand and foot)

proprioception (position sense)
kinesthesia (movement sense)
vibration

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4
Q

most important sensory test when pt has stroke or brain problem

A

combined cortical

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5
Q

types of combined cortical sensory tests

A

2-point discrimination
stereognosis
graphesthesia
barognosis
tactile localization
double simultaneous stimulation
texture recognition

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6
Q

2-point discrimination

A

start from wide to narrow and ends at the last 2 points where pt can discriminate the 2 points

once pt senses one-point, move the points 1 point wider

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7
Q

if the patient has intact 2-point discrimination and stereognosis, ____ are also ____

A

combined cortical sensations are also normal

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8
Q

2-point discrimination normal values

A

Fingertips: 3-5mm
Dorsum of the hand: 20-30mm
Palms: 8-15mm

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9
Q

Stereognosis

A

identify objects with eyes closed

use familiar objects: coins, tissue, pin

introduce the object first and let them feel it with eyes open

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10
Q

Graphesthesia

A

trace letter/number on pt’s palm (or any body part) and ask them to identify what was written

wipe a tissue on pt’s palm after every letter/number to indicate “restart”

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11
Q

Barognosis

A

distinguish weights

use the same shape and size of objects; objects must only differ in weight

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12
Q

Tactile localization

A

pt’s eyes closed, place a dot on any part of their skin and ask them to point where the dot is placed

measure distance of dot PT inputted from where the pt identified to have felt the sensation

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13
Q

Double Simultaneous Simulation

A

apply two sensations simultaneously on both sides (either proximal/distal) or on one side (either proximal/distal)

ask pt to verbally identify c eyes closed, where they felt the sensation

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14
Q

Extinction phenomenon

A

absence of sensation of the distal extremities in DSS

sensation is perceived on proximal part ONLY during DSS

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15
Q

Superficial Reflex

A

Upper Abdominal Reflex
Lower Abdominal Reflex
Plantar Scratch
Anal Reflex

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16
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex

A

Biceps, Brachialis Reflex
Brachioradialis Reflex
Triceps Reflex
Patellar Reflex
Ankle (Achilles) Reflex

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17
Q

Upper Abdominal Reflex

A

T8-T10

kung saan stimulus, doon papunta umbilicus

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18
Q

Lower Abdominal Reflex

A

T10-T12

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19
Q

Plantar Scratch

A

L2-S1

flexion of toes when you scratch the foot

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20
Q

Anal Reflex

A

S2-S4

visible “winking” of anus

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21
Q

Biceps, Brachialis Reflex

A

C5-C6

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22
Q

Brachioradialis Reflex

A

C5-C6 / C6-C7

23
Q

Triceps Reflex

A

C6-C7 / C7-C8

24
Q

Patellar Reflex

25
Ankle (Achilles) Reflex
S1
26
Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: 0
Areflexia (absent reflex)
27
Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: +
Hyporeflexia (or diminished reflex)
28
Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: ++
Normoreflexia (normal reflex)
29
Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: +++
Hyperreflexia (increased reflex)
30
Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: ++++
Clonus
31
UMN condition
+++ or ++++
32
LMN condition
+ or 0
33
should be suppressed at a certain age
primitive reflex
34
should exist even when you get old
physiologic reflex
35
absence of this indicates a possible impairment
physiologic reflex
36
Righting Reflex
automatic reactions that enable a person to assume the normal standing position and maintain stability when changing positions
37
Equilibrium Reflex
important for balancing
38
Protective Extension Reflex
pt's tendency to extend hand when they are about to fall
39
Pathologic Reflex
normal adults: there should be NO response to stimulus that triggers the pathologic reflex abnormal findings
40
Babinski
Stimulus: stroking of lateral aspect of sole of foot; should be firm and brisk Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes
41
Chaddock
Stimulus: stroking of lateral side of foot beneath lateral malleolus; J stroke from below lateral malleolus to the foot Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes
42
Oppenheim
Stimulus: stroking of anteromedial surface of tibia; stroking of shin & direction should be towards the foot Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes
43
Gordon
Stimulus: squeezing of calf muscles (gastrocs) firmly Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes CI: DVT
44
Piotrowski
Stimulus: percussion/tapping (c 2 fingers) of tib. ant. muscle Positive Response: DF & supination of foot
45
Brudzinski
Stimulus: passive flexion of one lower limb; flex unaffected leg Positive Response: flexion of opposite lower limb *sign of UMN
46
Hoffman
Stimulus: tapping of index, middle, or ring finger (distal phalanx) Positive Response: flexion of the distal phalanx of thumb *sign of LMN
47
Rossolimo
Stimulus: tapping of plantar surface of toes Positive Response: plantarflexion of toes
48
Schaefer
Stimulus: pinching (should not be painful) of Achilles tendon in middle third Positive Response: flexion of foot and toes *sign of LMN
49
Associated reactions (Brunnstrom)
if you do something in one part of the body, then an associate reaction will occur pt's c neurologic problems or brain injury
50
Raimiste's Phenomenon
same with Sterling's stimulus and reaction/response but differs on body part for LE (hip) ABDUCTION only resistance of abduction of the unaffected side = associated abduction on the affected side
51
Sterling's Phenomenon
same with Raimiste's stimulus and reaction/response but differs on body part for UE (shoulder) ABDUCTION only resistance of abduction of the unaffected side = associated abduction on the affected side
52
Marie-Foix Phenomenon (a.k.a. Bechterev's)
for LE passively flexing the toes on the affected side = will elicit massive flexion of the entire LE on ipsilateral side
53
Soque's Phenomenon
for UE passively flexing the shoulder of the affected side = will elicit extension of the fingers ipsilaterally can be used for managing flexion synergy
54
Homolateral Synkinesis
passively flexing the UE will elicit flexion of the LE (ipsilat) *if all UE segments are passively flexed, all LE segments on ipsilat. side will also flex passively extending the UE will elicit extension of the LE (ipsilat) UE will always be the stimulus; test done on affected side

PT 10116 - Neuro Exam (27 decks)

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