Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 1

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 1

The study of the neural physiology of cognition

Question 2

Define Levels of Analysis

Answer 2

the idea that a topic can be studied in a number of different ways

Question 3

What are neurons?

Answer 3

cells that are specialized to receive and transmit information in the Nervous System

Question 4

How were neurons discovered?

Answer 4

By viewing stained brain tissue under a microscope.

Question 5

Who invented the staining technique?

Answer 5

Camillo Golgi

Question 6

Who built on Golgi’s work by using his technique?

Answer 6

Ramon Cajal

Question 7

What did Cajal discover?

Answer 7

That the nerve net was non- continuous and was made up of individual units

Question 8

What are the basic parts of a neuron?

Answer 8

Cell Body
Dendrite
Axon

Question 9

What is a synapse?

Answer 9

The gap between the end of neuron’s axon and the dendrites or cell body of another

Question 10

T/F? Neurons connect to all other neurons?

Answer 10

False. They only connect those in their Neural Circuit

Question 11

receptors are…

Answer 11

Specialized neural structures that respond to environmental stimuli such as light, mechanical stimulation, or chemical stimuli.
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Question 12

What is Edgar Adrians famous for?

Answer 12

recording electrical signals from one single sensory neuron.

Question 13

How did Adrians record the single neuronal activity?

Answer 13

He used microelectrodes

Question 14

What the resting potential of an axon at rest?

Answer 14

-70mv

Question 15

What happens to the charge inside an axon when an action potential travels through it?

Answer 15

It rises to +40mv

Question 16

How long does an action potential last?

Answer 16

1 millisecond

Question 17

T/F: action potentials change in shape and height as they travel?

Answer 17

False

Question 18

T/F- action potentials are always the same rate?

Answer 18

False. They vary based on the intensity of the stimulus

Question 19

The principle of neural representation states…

Answer 19

Everything a person experiences is based on representations in the person’s nervous system.

Question 20

How did Hubel and Wiesel study neuronal firing?

Answer 20

They recorded the neural activity of a cat while presenting it with specific stimuli.

Question 21

What did Hubel and Wiesel discover?

Answer 21

That the brain has neurons called Feature Detectors that respond to specific stimuli.

Question 22

experience-dependent plasticity is

Answer 22

the mechanisms that causes an organisms neurons to develop best the to the types of stimuli they are exposed to

Question 23

What did Blakemore and Cooper do?

Answer 23

They raised a kitten presented with only vertical black and white stripes to see if it would ignore horizontal objects.

Question 24

Where is the visual cortex?

Answer 24

The occipital lobe at the rear of the brain

Question 25

Where is the motor cortex?

Answer 25

Parietal lobe on top of brain

Question 26

What mechanisms is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 26

language, memory, hearing, vision

Question 27

hierarchical processing
is

Answer 27

the process in which neurons for simple stimuli send signals to increasingly higher levels.

Question 28

sensory code

Answer 28

How neural firing represents various characteristics of the environment.

Question 29

specificity coding

Answer 29

The representation of a specific stimulus by the firing of neurons that ONLY respond to that stimulus.

Question 30

Neural representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing of a large number of neurons.

Answer 30

Population coding

Question 31

Where and what is Broca’s area?

Answer 31

Frontal lobe
Production of language

Question 32

Where and what is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 32

Temporal lobe

Understanding language

Question 33

Where and what is the Somatosensory Cortex?

Answer 33

Parietal Lobe
Receives signals from the skin. Touch, pressure, pain

Question 34

What is prosopagnosia?

Answer 34

An inability to recognize faces.

Question 35

What are single and double associations in neuroscience?

Answer 35

A single association : a lesion to brain structure A disrupts function X but not function Y

A Double: a lesion in brain structure A impairs function X but not Y, and further demonstrate that a lesion to brain structure B impairs function Y but spares function X,

Question 36

What is fMRI?

Answer 36

A brain imaging technique that measures blood oxygen levels changes in response to cognitive activity in those areas.