cognitive neuroscience

Question 1

metabolic center of the neuron

Answer 1

cell body

Question 2

to receive signals from other neurons

Answer 2

dendrites

Question 3

transmit signals to other neurons

Answer 3

axons (nerve fibers)

Question 4

a small gap between the end of a neuron’s axon and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron.

Answer 4

synapse

Question 5

forms groups of interconnected neurons together

Answer 5

neural circuits

Question 6

he was able to record electrical signals from single sensory neurons, which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1932.

Answer 6

Edgar Adrian

Question 7

small shafts of hollow glass filled with a conductive salt solution

Answer 7

microelectrodes

Question 8

when the signals reach the synapse at the end of the axon, what chemical is released?

Answer 8

neurotransmitter

Question 9

chemical messengers, carries chemical signals from one neuron to the next target cell.

Answer 9

neurotransmitters

Question 10

fight or flight neurotransmitter

Answer 10

adrenaline

Question 11

calming neurotransmitter

Answer 11

gaba

Question 12

concentration neurotransmitter

Answer 12

noradrenaline

Question 13

learning neurotransmitter

Answer 13

acetycholine

Question 14

pleasure neurotransmitter

Answer 14

dopamine

Question 15

memory neurotransmitter

Answer 15

glutamate

Question 16

mood neurotransmitter

Answer 16

serotonin

Question 17

euphoria neurotransmitter

Answer 17

endorphins

Question 18

experiences is based on representations in the person’s nervous system.

Answer 18

principle of neural representation

Question 19

they respond to specific stimulus features such as orientation, movement, and length.

Answer 19

feature detectors neurons

Question 20

the structure of the brain is changed by experience.

Answer 20

experience-dependent plasticity

Question 21

the idea that the brain operated as an indivisible whole as opposed to specialized areas.

Answer 21

cortical equipotentiality

Question 22

In 1861, he published his study of patients who had suffered brain damage due to strokes that caused disruption of the blood supply to the brain

Answer 22

Paul Broca

Question 23

strokes that caused damage to an area in the frontal lobe is called what?

Answer 23

Broca’s area

Question 24

slow, labored, ungrammatical speech caused by damage to Broca’s area

Answer 24

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 25

In 1879, he described a number of patients who had damage to an area in their temporal lobe.

Answer 25

Carl Wernicke

Question 26

damage to an area in their temporal lobe is called what?

Answer 26

Wernicke’s area

Question 27

inability to match words with their meanings, the absence of normal grammar.

Answer 27

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 28

responsible for perceptions of touch, pressure, and pain

Answer 28

parietal lobe

Question 29

receives signals from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses

Answer 29

frontal lobe

Question 30

damage to the temporal lobe on the lower right side of the brain, inability to recognize faces.

Answer 30

propagnosia

Question 31

perceptions from looking at something, or processes such as remembering or thinking, activate numerous areas of the brain.

Answer 31

distributed represenation

Question 32

lasts fleetingly, about 10 to 15 seconds unless repeated over and over.

Answer 32

short-term memories

Question 33

memories for events in a person’s life

Answer 33

episodic memories

Question 34

memories for facts

Answer 34

semantic memories

Question 35

can be visual, auditory, or olfactory, often have emotional components—both good and bad.

Answer 35

memories

Question 36

interconnected areas of the brain that can communicate with each other.

Answer 36

neural networks

Question 37

brain’s “wiring diagram” created by nerve axons that connect different brain areas.

Answer 37

structural connectivity

Question 38

specific functions are served by specific areas of the brain.

Answer 38

Localization of function

Question 39

the study of the behavior of people with brain damage.

Answer 39

Neuropsychology