cogs Flashcards
(22 cards)
When a region of the brain known to process highly specific information is injured or destroyed, then this may result in a perceptual deficit called a(n)
Agnosia
which is the devoting of resources to the target, and the second is
——–
, which is the attempt to ignore competing stimuli.
allocation and distractor suppression
Two neurons communicate at what’s called a(n)
Synapse
many neurons functionally related are called a(n)
Circuit
and many of these latter things working together are called a(n)
system
—- is a specific region in which a physical stimulus, when present, will produce a neuronal response.
Receptive field
TRUE or FALSE: Perception is a passive process of simply “experiencing reality” as it actually is.
False
In a large review of affective judgments (AKA, emotional and value based judgments), Zajonc (1980) showed that:
A
Affective judgments happen prior to cognition.
B
Cognition is built upon affective judgments.
C
Affective judgments are often irrevocable (i.e., they happen automatically).
D
All of the above. <—–
TRUE or FALSE: Perception is a “bottom up” process, exclusively. That is, images are “built up” in the early sensory regions of the brain from basic, low level stimuli, without any input from any other region of the brain.
False
You are told that a given psychological task involves flashing a probe on one side of a screen or the other, presented so quickly that participants are not even consciously aware of it. Nonetheless, the participants’ ability to find the subsequent target is largely associated with the location of the previous (and subconsciously) presented probe. This kind of priming would be considered:
Bottom-up
The notion that different regions of the brain process different, and often highly specialized, features of sensory input or other information is called:
Functional Delineation
We looked at a few studies in which a shape singleton (a diamond vs. circles) competes with a color singleton (red vs. green) for participants’ attention. Generally, we saw that the high contrast color singleton
“beat” the shape singleton, via attentional capture. These results suggest:
Bottom-up processes are generally privileged with regards to how we allocate attention
The process by which our brains organize and interpret sensory information, sorting it into useful information, is called:
perception
moving towards the top of the brain would be moving in which direction?
dorsal
moving towards the middle of the brain ( form outside inwards) would be moving in which direction
Medial
A hill on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called
A gyrus
A valley on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called
A sulcus
the gap between two neurons is called
a synaptic cleft
Some researchers takes anatomical MRI scans of their participants (Scan One). Then they put the participants through a particular type of training. Then they scan the participants again (Scan Two. The researchers look for any changes between Scan One and Scan Two.
These scans were:
structural
Historically, in which of the following approaches were researchers most likely to make observations about a behavior, reason backwards about what mental events may be associated with that behavior, and then design experiments to test their ideas?
The cognitive revolution
Historically, in which of the following approaches were researchers most likely to design an experiment in which they manipulate a stimuli and measure the behavior of participants, with no consideration of their reasons, thoughts, or subjective experiences?
behaviorism
in lecture we went over three “Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception”. In your own words, please define or describe each these principles and give an example for each.
(One point for each principle, and one point for each example, for a total of 6 points).
Absolute threshold
difference threshold
Signal detection theory
