cohesion

Question 1

cohesion

Answer 1

provides links
ties/glues clauses/phrases/ideas together
provides reference
connects lexemes/phrases
condenses the text

Question 2

phonological patterning

Answer 2

The lexemes in these phrases/clauses are connected through their similar sounds. This strings them together more closely and in a more cohesive way.
eg Onomatopoeia, Assonance, Consonance, Alliteration, Rhythm, Rhyme

Question 3

conjunctions

Answer 3

connect ideas within a text and show the relationship between these ideas.

Question 4

hyponomy

Answer 4

creates a link through highlighting the relationship between general (eg.semantic field) and specific lexical items.

Question 5

collocation

Answer 5

build an expectation of what is coming next, helping to link lexemes and phrases together in a familiar way.

Question 6

subject-specific lexis

Answer 6

draws connections within the text that tie the clauses together.

Question 7

antonomy

Answer 7

can be used to tie together phrases and clauses as they contrast each other in terms of semantics yet operate together to present meaning – the antonymy links them.

Question 8

synonomy

Answer 8

tie together phrases and clauses, connecting them to reinforce an idea/add detail

Question 9

ellipsis

Answer 9

connects two parts of a sentence by removing unnecessary words that form part of assumed knowledge/reference

Question 10

listing

syntactic patterning

Answer 10

can provide greater cohesion as the sentence segments are linked together within the structure to form a cohesive unit of ideas. semantic thread, packaging, layering

Question 11

parallelism

syntactic patterning

Answer 11

mirrored structures linked by their similar syntactic features. Efficiently packaged information/ideas with a semantic thread.

Question 12

repetition

Answer 12

create links and reinforce the ideas they present
deliberate

Question 13

substitution

Answer 13

NP Substitution
- One NP is used in place of another NP referring to the same ‘thing’.
- Eg.Chairs and benches were strewn everywhere. *The furniture *had been…
Pronoun reference
- a pronoun is used instead of the previous full noun phrase to which it refers.
- Eg. Jack and Bill raced to the corner. They were just in time. - Anaphoric referencing
- Eg She sat alone. Kate Smith waited for the train - Cataphoric referencing

Question 14

deixis

Answer 14

linguistic features that help the reader link the text to its time and place setting.
eg Will that speaker be there tomorrow?
‘where’ links to understanding beyond the text, which links to an understanding of ‘tomorrow’ (when?) within the timeframe of the text itself.

Question 15

clefting

information flow

Answer 15

The two clauses are linked cohesively to create two clauses that connect one person or concept to another.
eg It was the boy from school who saved the puppies.

Question 16

front/end focus (eg fronting)

information flow

Answer 16

links time + action
After training, the players met to discuss the weekend’s plans.
The fronted adverbial phrase connects to the action of ‘met’. The reader is encouraged to link the ‘when’ (after training) to the action of the verb.
initial focus/attention, weight, initial focus, planned and crafted nature

Question 17

passive voice

information flow

Answer 17

Our understanding of who is carrying out the verb and who is affected by it, is manipulated and cohesively presented using passive voice.
shifts focus
ellipsis of agent
carefully packaging/planned, crafted, drafted nature