cold bolded vertabrste

Question 1

Vertebrates

Answer 1

Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described.

Question 2

Endotherms

Answer 2

is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favorable temperature, largely by the use of heat set free by its internal bodily functions instead of relying almost purely on ambient heat.

Question 3

Ectotherms

Answer 3

an animal that is dependent on external sources of body heat.

Question 4

Lateral Line

Answer 4

is a system of sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water.

Question 5

gills

Answer 5

are tissues which consist of cloth and fabric structures called filaments. These filaments have many functions including the transfer of ions and water, as well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids and ammonia.

Question 6

Jawless Fishes (2 examples)

Answer 6

Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of both present and extinct species. The group excludes all vertebrates with jaws, known as gnathostomes.

1. hagfish
2. lamprey

Question 7

Cartilaginous Fishes (3 examples)

Answer 7

sharks
rays
skates

Question 8

Bony Fishes (3 examples)

Answer 8

popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, as opposed to cartilage.
teltost
2.lungfish
3.eel

Question 9

Swim Bladder

Answer 9

is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy, and thus to stay at the current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.

Question 10

Amphibians

Answer 10

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia.

Question 11

Lungs

Answer 11

each of the pair of organs situated within the rib cage, consisting of elastic sacs with branching passages into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed. Lungs are characteristic of vertebrates other than fish, though similar structures are present in some other animal groups.

Question 12

Tadpole

Answer 12

the tailed aquatic larva of an amphibian (frog, toad, newt, or salamander), breathing through gills and lacking legs until its later stages of development.

Question 13

Metamorphosis

Answer 13

includes, in insects, the transformation of a maggot into an adult fly and a caterpillar into a butterfly and, in amphibians, the changing of a tadpole into a frog. A usually degenerative pathological change in the structure of a particular body tissue.

Question 14

Caecilians (description)

Answer 14

completely lack limbs, making the smaller species resemble worms, while the larger species, with lengths up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in), resemble snakes.

Question 15

Salamanders (description)

Answer 15

there a lizards like aniamal

Question 16

Frogs (description)

Answer 16

A frog is an amphibian. They lay their eggs in water. The eggs hatch into a tadpole which lives in water until it metamorphoses into an adult frog.
Tadpoles look more like fish than frogs, they have long finned tails and breathe through gills.
An amphibian can live both on land and in water.
Although frogs live on land their habitat must be near swamps, ponds or in a damp place. This is because they will die if their skin dries out.
Instead of drinking water, frogs soak it into their body through their skin.
Frogs breathe through their nostrils while also absorbing about half the air they need through their skin.
Frogs use their sticky, muscular tongue to catch and swallow food. Unlike humans, their tongue is not attached to the back of its mouth. Instead it is attached to the front, enabling the frog to stick its tongue out much further.
The common pond frog is ready to breed when it is only three years old.
Frogs in the wild face many dangers and are lucky to survive several years. In captivity however, frogs can live for much longer.
Frogs can see forwards, sideways and upwards all at the same time. They never close their eyes, even when they sleep.
Remarkably, frogs actually use their eyes to help them swallow food. When the frog blinks, its eyeballs are pushed downwards creating a bulge in the roof of its mouth. This bulge squeezes the food inside the frog’s mouth down the back of its throa

Question 17

Toads (description)

Answer 17

Toad or frog? Toads are actually frogs. The term “toad” tends to refer to the “True Toads”…. which are members of the family Bufonidae, containing more than 300 species. Toads are fat-bodied, where frogs are generally slim. Toads have warts, where a frog’s skin is smooth. Toads can live in drier climates, where most frogs usually live in or near water. In the Tropics, where most anuran (members of the order comprising the frogs, toads, and tree toads) species occur, however, the differences are harder to determine, and some species could qualify as either toads or frogs.

Question 18

Reptiles

Answer 18

Reptiles are a group of tetrapod animals comprising today’s turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.

Question 19

Amniotic Eggs

Answer 19

Amniotes are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates comprising the reptiles, birds and mammals that lay their eggs on land or retain the fertilized egg within the mother. They are distinguished from the anamniotes, which typically lay their eggs in water.

Question 20

Turtles (description)

Answer 20

Sea turtles are among the oldest creatures on earth and have remained essentially unchanged for 110 million years. However, they face an uncertain future due to threats of many kinds.

Question 21

Tortoises (description)

Answer 21

A turtle is any shelled reptile belonging to the order Chelonii. The term “tortoise” is more specific, referring to terrestrial turtles. (Of course, there’s always an exception. In this case, the land-dwelling box turtle.) Tortoises are usually herbivorous and can’t swim.

Question 22

Crocodiles (description)

Answer 22

Crocodiles or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. Crocodylinae, all of whose members are considered true crocodiles, is classified as a biological subfamily

Question 23

Alligators (description)

Answer 23

. An average adult American alligator’s weight and length is 360 kg (790 lb) and 4.0 m (13.1 ft), but they sometimes grow to 4.4 m (14 ft) long and weigh over 450 kg (990 lb). The largest ever recorded, found in Louisiana, measured 5.84 m (19.2 ft).

Question 24

Snakes (description)

Answer 24

a long limbless reptile that has no eyelids, a short tail, and jaws that are capable of considerable extension. Some snakes have a venomous bite.

Question 25

LIzards (description)

Answer 25

a reptile that typically has a long body and tail, four legs, movable eyelids, and a rough, scaly, or spiny skin.

Question 26

Tuataras (description)

Answer 26

Tuatara are reptiles endemic to New Zealand and which, although resembling most lizards, are part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia. Their name derives from the Māori language, and means "peaks on the back".