Cold War Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
What month and year was the Yalta conference?
A
February 1945
2
Q
What 3 figures were at the Yalta conference?
A
Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill
3
Q
What 4 key decisions were made at Yalta?
A
-divide Germany (and Berlin) into 4
-Stalin to hold ‘free and fair elections’
-UN created
-Stalin agreed to help USA fight Japan
4
Q
What did Stalin promise at Yalta which he later broke?
A
To hold free and fair elections
5
Q
What did soviet expansion lead to?
A
Truman doctrine and Marshall plan
6
Q
Which country was rejected from the UN?
A
China
7
Q
What month and year was the Postdam conference?
A
July 1945
8
Q
What key event happened right before the Potsdam conference?
A
Germany surrendered
9
Q
Who were the 3 leaders at Potsdam?
-what 3 things were discussed?
(Hint: SAT on LAP)
A
Stalin, Attlee, Truman
-leaders changed, atom bomb, Poland
10
Q
What did Truman say he will do at the Potsdam conference?
A
Be ‘tough on communism’
11
Q
What was agreed on at Potsdam?
-what was disagreed on and why?
A
Division of Germany
-Poland because Stalin wanted control
12
Q
What was Truman keeping secret at the Potsdam conference?
-who was spying and knew about it anyway?
A
Atom bomb
-Stalin
13
Q
What month and year did Japan refuse to surrender?
-what was an outcome of this?
A
August 1945
-USA used atom bomb
14
Q
What 2 places in Japan were affected by the atom bomb?
-how many deaths were there combined?
A
Hiroshima, Nagasaki
-120,000
15
Q
What did the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki lead to?
A
The arms race
16
Q
What was the arms race caused by?
A
Nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
17
Q
What 2 countries were vulnerable to communism?
A
Greece and Turkey
18
Q
What country did Truman help and how much money did he spend?
A
Greece, $400 million
19
Q
When was Truman’s speech, what policy did he create?
A
1947, policy of containment
20
Q
When did Czechoslovakia fall to communism?
A
1948
21
Q
What did George Marshall realise after travelling around Europe?
A
Struggling countries may fall to communism
22
Q
When was the Marshall Plan and how much money was spent?
A
1948, $12 billion
23
Q
What was the money from the Marshall plan spent on?
A
Countries that rejected communism and that trade with the USA
24
Q
What did Stalin call the Marshall plan?
A
Dollar imperialism
25
What did Stalin set up as a result of the Marshall plan?
Comecon and cominform
26
During what years what soviet expansion?
1945-8
27
What year did Britain, France and America form west Germany?
1948
28
What 3 countries formed west Germany in 1948?
Britain, France and America
29
How many territories did Berlin split into?
-which countries zone was it located in?
4
-USSR zone
30
What month and year was the Berlin blockade?
-who cut access?
June 1948
-Stalin
31
How many days worth of food did West Berlin have after the blockade?
-what was the only way it could be accessed?
36
-by air
32
During what years was the Berlin airlift?
1948-9
33
What did western allies drop into West Berlin by air during the blockade?
Supplies
34
At the peak of the Berlin airlift, how often were planes landing at airports?
Every minute
35
Who was the Berlin blockade a propaganda victory for?
-how?
Western powers
-showed that Truman was committed to his policy of containment
36
Who was humiliated as an outcome of the Berlin blockade and what did he do?
Stalin, backed down and removed blockade
37
Britain, France and Germany joined together to form West Germany. What did this cause?
Berlin blockade
38
How long did the Berlin airlift last?
11 months
39
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
40
What was NATO formed in response to?
-when?
Berlin airlift
-1949
41
When was the Warsaw pact formed?
1955
42
What was the 1947 Truman doctrine seen as an attack on?
The east and communism
43
What did the 1948 Berlin airlift embarrass?
Soviet Union
44
What lead to the creation of NATO?
Berlin airlift
45
What territory joined NATO in 1955?
West Germany
46
What was the USSR’s equivalent of NATO?
Warsaw pact
47
Who attempted to leave the Warsaw pact in 1956?
Hungary
48
When did Hungary attempt to leave the Warsaw pact?
1956
49
Name the 2 Chinese leaders
Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai Shek
50
Name the 2 Korean leaders
Kim Il Sung, Syngman Rhee
51
Name the 2 Vietnamese leaders
Hi Chi Minh, Ngo Dinh Diem
52
When was the Chinese revolution?
1949
53
Who was the communist Chinese leader?
Mao Zedong
54
Which leader won the Chinese civil war?
Mao Zedong
55
Which current country was the republic of china?
Taiwan
56
What country was seen as the ‘true china’ by the west?
Republic of china (Taiwan)
57
When was the treaty of friendship and who did it involve?
1950, Mao Zedong + Stalin
58
Name 3 outcomes of the Chinese civil war
-changed balance of power
-china joined UN in 1971
-domino theory
59
When did china join the UN?
1971
60
Who was the communist leader in North Korea?
Kil Il Sung
61
Who was the capitalist leader in South Korea?
Syngman Rhee
62
During what years was the Korean War?
1950-3
63
Where did the north push the south in the Korean War?
Pusan pocket
64
After the south was pushed to the Pusan pocket, who helped push the south north to the border?
UN
65
Who was the UN’s involvement in the Korean War led by?
Douglas MacArthur, **NOT** american army
66
How much troops did china give North Korea in the Korean War?
200,000
67
In the Korean war, what did MacArthur suggest which was ignored by Truman and Eisenhower?
Suggested use of nukes
68
Where did north and South Korea agree to settle on at the end of the war?
38th parallel
69
Which leader *wasn’t* directly involved in the Korean War?
Stalin
70
As an outcome of the Korean War, what was the UN seen by communists as?
UN seen by communists as a ‘capitalist tool’
71
Which theory was proven correct as an outcome of the Korean War?
Domino theory
72
What was an outcome of MacArthur suggesting nukes in the Korean War?
-what did this show about the UN?
He was sacked
-showed UN did *not* want to escalate things
73
What years was the Vietnam war?
1955-75
74
Who was the north Vietnamese communist leader?
Ho Chi Minh
75
Who was the south Vietnamese capitalist leader?
Ngo Dinh Diem
76
Who did Ngo Dinh Diem discriminate against?
-when was he assassinated?
Buddhists
-1963
77
What did USA do after Ngo Dinh Diem was assassinated?
-what year was this?
Brought troops to Vietnam to prevent communism spreading
-1963
78
By what year in Vietnam were more bombs dropped than in WW2?
1963
79
From what year did LBJ send soldiers into Vietnamese jungles and villages?
1965
80
From 1965, which president sent soldiers into Vietnamese jungles and villages?
LBJ
81
Name 2 outcomes of US soldiers being sent to Vietnamese jungles and villages
-USA embarrassed on TV
-USA spent over $100 billion
-cause of detente
82
What year was Stalin’s death and who replaced him?
1953, Kruschev
83
What two things did Kruschev want after replacing Stalin?
Peaceful coexistence with the west and destalinisation
84
Which Russian leader wanted peaceful coexistence with the west and destalinisation?
Kruschev
85
Who was the leader of Hungary in 1956?
Nagy
86
What did Nagy want to do in 1956?
-what did the USSR do in attempt to prevent this?
Leave the Warsaw pact
-send tanks
87
What was an outcome of the USSR sending tanks in attempt to prevent Hungary from leaving the Warsaw pact?
Thousands of tanks killed 3000 Hungarians, 200,000 migrated
88
When did the USA make the atom bomb?
-when did the Soviets?
USA 1945
Soviets 1949
89
When did the USA make the hydrogen bomb?
-when did the Soviets?
USA 1952
Soviets 1953
90
When did the USA make their first ICBM’s?
-when did the Soviets?
USA 1959
Soviets 1957
91
What 3 weapons were constructed during the arms race?
Hydrogen bomb, atom bomb, ICBM
92
What were 2 outcomes of the arms race?
-propaganda victory
-paranoia
-missile gap (USA thought they were behind)
93
What year were Sputnik 1 & 2 released into space?
1957
94
What year was the first man in space?
-what was his name and what country was he from?
1961
-Yuri Gagarin, USSR
95
What year was the first woman in space and what country was she from?
1963, USSR
96
Who was the first man on the moon and from which country was he?
Neil Armstrong, USA
97
When did Apollo 11 land on the moon?
-who onboard was the first to step on the moon?
1969
-Neil Armstrong
98
What year was the U2 crisis?
-who was the pilot?
1960, Gary Powers
99
What president claimed the U2 spy plane was a weather plane?
Eisenhower
100
What did Eisenhower claim the U2 spy plane was?
A weather plane
101
During the U2 crisis, what did Kruschev demand from Eisenhower?
-how did Eisenhower respond?
Demanded an apology, Eisenhower refused
102
What 3 things were supposed to be discussed at the Paris Peace Summit? (Hint: ABC)
Arms race, Berlin, Cuba
103
What was an outcome of Eisenhower refusing to apologise for the U2 crisis?
Kruschev refused to attend the Paris Peace Summit
104
Why was the Paris Peace Summit cancelled?
Kruschev refused to attend
105
Why did Kruschev refuse to attend the Paris Peace Summit?
Eisenhower refused to apologise for the U2 crisis
106
What year was the Berlin blockade and airlift?
1948
107
What year was the Berlin Wall built?
1961
108
In 1961, how many people moved from East to West Berlin?
~2.5 million
109
What year did roughly 2.5 million people move from East to West Berlin?
1961
110
In 1961, where did ~2.5 million people move from and to?
From East to West Berlin
111
Where was checkpoint Charlie?
On the boundary of East and West Berlin
112
Where was there an 18-hour tank standoff?
Checkpoint Charlie
113
How long was the tank standoff at checkpoint Charlie?
18 hours
114
What was an outcome of the 18 hour tank standoff at checkpoint Charlie?
-who was this a propaganda victory for?
USA didn’t intervene further
-USA
115
What led Hungary to think they have more freedom, which is why they wanted to leave the Warsaw pact?
Kruschev’s destalinisation
116
What did JFK’s famous quote about the Berlin blockade?
‘We have never had to build a wall to keep our people in’
117
As a result of the Berlin Wall, who had a propaganda victory?
USA
118
During what years was the bay of pigs?
-in which country was this?
1961-3
-Cuba
119
In what year did 1400 Cuban exiles attempt to overthrow Castro?
1961
120
In 1961, how many Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow castro?
1400
121
Was the bay of pigs invasion a success?
No - it failed
122
What is espionage?
-what 2 countries did this to eachother?
Spying
-USA and USSR
123
What did JFK do after missile bases started showing up in Cuba?
-what did this cause a risk of?
Send US ships
-MAD (mutually assured destruction)
124
What did JFK set up with Kruschev after missile based showing up in Cuba and a risk of MAD?
A hotline
125
What did JFK and Kruschev agree to mutually remove?
JFK remove missile bases from Turkey, Kruschev remove missile bases from Cuba
126
What was an outcome of the Cuban missile crisis?
Helped create SALT 1, detente
127
What was SALT 1?
Reducing nuclear weapons
128
Who introduced Cuba to communism?
Castro
129
Which president tried to take over Cuba in the bay of pigs?
JFK
130
What was the hottest point in the Cold War?
-what was there a risk of?
Cuba
-risk of MAD
131
What does SALT stand for?
Strategic Arms Limitations Talk
