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Cold War 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who ruled Cuba 1933 - 1959

A

Batista

Corrupt and brutal government

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2
Q

Who was Fidel Castro

A

A young lawyer who called for a revolution in Cuba

He was arrested and sent into exile

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3
Q

When did Fidel Castro return to Cuba

A

In 1956 with 81 supporters began a two year guerrilla war campaign against Government

His support grew

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4
Q

What happened on 1 January 1959

A

Batista’s Government collapsed Castro declared a new Cuba

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5
Q

Was Fidel Castro a communist?

A

He never referred to it though some supporters were.

He went to US to work with americans but Eisenhower refused to meet him

As USA unwilling he went to USSR for help building cuban economy

USA placed an embargo on Cuba

Cuba dependent on USSR for trade

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6
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs

A

17 April 1961

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7
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs

A

Disastrous mission given go ahead by Kennedy to help Castro’s opponents retake Cuba

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8
Q

What was the plan for Bay of Pigs

A

Large groups of cuban exiles trained by CIA would retake Cuba with support from US Air Force.

Assumed other cubans would be inspired to take up arms against Castro

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9
Q

What problems were there before the Bay of Pigs

A

Became clear most cubans supported Castro and would not join invasion

Senior US Government figures felt their involvement illegal under international law

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10
Q

Why did Bay of Pigs plan still go ahead

A

$5 million had been spent on preparations

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11
Q

Why is it called the Bay of pigs

A

Cuban exiles landed on the beach in Bay of Pigs

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12
Q

What happened to air support in bay of pigs

A

Kennedy withdrew it at last minute

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13
Q

What happened to the invaders in the Bay of Pigs

A

Totally exposed

200 killed 1197 taken prisoner

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14
Q

What was the consequence of the Bay of Pigs

A

Pushed Castro closer to the USSR

Made Kennedy seem weak and incompetent early in his presidency

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15
Q

When was the cuban missile crisis

A

1962

A key moment in the Arms race

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16
Q

When did the first soviet nuclear missiles arrive in cuba

A

Summer of 1962 but USA only realised what was happening on 14 October 1962

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17
Q

What happened on 21 October 1962

A

Kennedy revealed existence of nuclear weapons in Cuba to US people

Ordered blockade of Cuba starting on 21 October - US Navy would fire on any ship trying to get to Cuba

Placed USA on DEFCON -3

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18
Q

What happened on 25 October 1962

A

Soviet ship entered the quarantine zone.

Allowed to pass when established it was an oil tanker

Kennedy assembled 120000 Us troops in Florida ready to invade Cuba

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19
Q

What happened on 26 October 1962

A

Kennedy received a letter from Khrushchev saying he would remove the missiles

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20
Q

What happened on 27 October 1962

A

Accident nearly started a war

US Navy detected soviet submarine close to Cuba and sent depth chargers to force it to surface

Sub captain believing war had begun nearly launched nuclear torpedo as had not had any contact with outside world

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21
Q

What else happened on 27 October 1962

A

Cubans shot down Soviet spy plane and an American plane drifted in soviet airspace

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22
Q

How did Cuban missile crisis end

Study These Flashcards
A

Later on 27 October 1962 Khrushchev sent second letter saying he would remove missiles if US removed their nuclear missiles from Turkey and Italy.

Kennedy agreed US removal of missiles was kept secret

23
Q

What was impact of Cuban crisis on Khrushchev

Study These Flashcards
A

Senior figures felt he had been reckless and also backed down when he had an advantage. led to his removal from power.

Khrushchev felt he had shown would support small countries against US. Cuba stayed a close ally, american missile removal a victory.

He stated he removed missiles for world peace

24
Q

When was Khrushchev removed from power

Study These Flashcards
A

14 October 1964

25
What was impact of cuban missile crisis for Kennedy
Silenced those who said he was weak by standing up to Khrushchev. Removal of missiles removed threat to USA But if not screw removal of US missiles from Europe would have been seen as a retreat
26
What was installed as a result of the missile crisis
Direct phone line from White house to Kremlin Crisis only resolved when two leaders communicated directly Recognised arms race could not continue and started path to reduce tensions
27
When was the Partial Test Ban Treaty
1963 banned testing of nuclear weapons except underground
28
Who led Czechoslovakia in 1960s
Antonin Novotny Corrupt and unpopular
29
Who was Ota Sik
Respected economist who called for reform, ban on private businesses should be banned and ordinary people have more power.
30
What happened in January 1968 in Czechoslovakia
Novotny forced to resign as so unpopular replaced by Alexander Dubcek who Moscow thought would calm things
31
What did Alexander Dubcek do
Introduced reforms: removed state control on industry, Czechs could run their own businesses Allowed public meetings and freedom of speech Ended press censorship Allowed trade unions to form Allowed Czechs to visit non communist countries
32
What were the changes in Czechoslovakia called
The Prague Spring
33
Did Moscow respond to the Prague spring
Not at first allowed the reforms so Dubcek went further announced plans to open borders to west and remove all press censorship
34
Who was soviet leader at the time of Prague Spring
Leonid Brezhnev
35
What concerned Brezhnev about he Prague Spring
Needed to control Czechoslovakia without more problems Students in Poland also demanded changes Warsaw Pact countries leaders were concerned
36
What was the Warsaw letter
After Warsaw pact met in June 1968 and held military exercises along Czechoslovakia border issued Warsaw Letter Final warning to Dubcek to back down on his reforms.
37
Did Dubcek back down in response to Warsaw Letter
No
38
What occurred on 20 August 1968
Soviet forces entered Czech republic and seized control of Prague. Dubcek ordered Army not to resist but was civilian resistance 100 killed 500 wounded Prague Spring over and new hard line government installed by Moscow
39
How did the West respond to Soviet invasion
USA cancelled meeting between Brezhnev and Johnson but more worried about Vietnam Tried to pass resolution at UN but USSR vetoed it After Hungary had established west would not interfere behind Iron curtain
40
What was the global communist response to soviet invasion
Communists outraged - betrayal of communist principles and act of imperialism Protests in Yugoslavia and China For many it destroyed their faith in communism
41
What was the biggest threat to Soviet leaders after Prague
Red Army Soldiers told entering at request of people when they arrived it was clear this was a lie. Back home they shared this experience
42
What was Brezhnev Doctrine
Speech in November 1968 made clear if any Warsaw Pact country behaved like Czechoslovakia would face same consequences
43
What was the impact of Brezhnev Doctrine
West - USA ended talks but then restarted to reserve progress made China very worried USSR may interfere in China which was going through cultural revolution
44
What was the situation between East and West by late 1960s
Both keen to avoid high levels of tension that nearly led to nuclear war
45
What were the key issues in the 1960s
1. Vietnam - UA increasingly involved USSR saw it as attempt to force it's political system on an area embracing communism 2. Human Rights - Lack of free speech and other human rights in USSR and Warsaw Pact countries. Cold war struggle between Freedom and Oppression
46
What happened in late 1960s to early 1970s
Improved relationship between USSR and USA even joint space mission
47
What is Detente
improved relationship try to avoid further brinkmanship
48
Why was there an improved relationship
1. China - Soviet split 2. Nuclear Issue 3. Lessons of conflict 4. Economic Issue
49
What did Richard Nixon do in February 1972
Became first US President to visit China
50
What was SALT
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
51
When did SALT begin
1969
52
When was SALT 1 signed
Moscow Summit May 1972 by Brezhnev and Nixon Talks for SALT II began immediately but things did not last and cold war continued for further 20 years with tension points in Africa, middle East and central America
53
What treaties were signed at SALT
Treaties banning new nuclear missiles and reducing number of anti ballistic missile defence systems that could be built
54
Were Nixon and Brezhnev likely peace makers
No Nixon built career as anti communist and Vice president to Eisenhower Brezhnev senior figure since days of Stalin Their experiences meant they new what was at stake if tensions increased

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