Cold War Flashcards
(37 cards)
When was the Tehran,Yalta and Postdam conferences?
Tehran:November 1943
Yalta:February 1945
Potsdam:July/August 1945
What the Main causes of tension at Potsdam?
Usa secretly testing atom bomb, What would happen in Poland and loss of the common enemy (Germany)
Why did the Soviets expand (their sphere of influence) in Europe?
They wanted protection (been attacked in both WW1 and WW2),Churchill and Stalin made a deal about who got what,Soviets controlled many areas after invading Nazi’s
What were the Long Telegram (Feb ‘46) and Novikov telegram (Sep ‘46)?
Long Telegram - Sent by diplomat in Russia to US saying Soviets were biggest threat,educate people against communism and Soviets want to destroy American way of life
Novikov - Sent by Soviet diplomat saying: America wanted to dominate world,USA would cooperate with Soviets anymore
What was the Truman Doctrine?
Doctrine by Truman stating: Containment needed, Usa to become involved in Greek civil war,End of Isolationism, However they wouldn’t go to war with Soviets
What is Marshall Plan?
$13 Billion to help rebuild Europe
If countries agreed they had to work with America
Stalin forbid Eastern bloc countries from taking it
What is Cominform(1947)?
Political strategy to tie communist parties
Communists in Western countries told to wreck Marshall plan (2million went on strike)
Imprison those unloyal (5% of Hungary population)
What was Comecon (1949)?
Economic bloc in Eastern Europe
Gave each country special areas to focus on (to become reliant on each other)
Made countries be loyal
What (And When) is the Berlin Blockade?
(1948-49)
West were rebuilding West Berlin and Soviets didn’t like it
Blocked Railway,Roads and stopped anyone trying to leave West Berlin
What was the response to Berlin Blockade?
Berlin Airlift - 275,000 planes transported 1.5million tons of supplies
Military escalation - NATO formed and USSR develops atom bomb
What are the key features of Nato?
Formed in April 1949 (1month before end of blockade)
Any country attacked all will attack
First significant military alliance
Cemented US involvement
What are the Key feature of Warsaw Pact?
Created 1 Week after W.Germany joined Nato(May 1955)
Linked Eastern Bloc countries
What are the main Causes of Hungarian Uprising?
Nagy - Thought Soviets were soft under Krushev, Huge Hungarian Support
Comecon - Hungary too dependent of Russia and seeing limited economic success
Cominform - Ban on Catholic church, Russia had too much control
Hungarian Revolution Events
July - Stalinist PM falls ; October - Budapest riots ; 24th October - Nagy becomes PM ; 28th - Soviet troops withdraw ; 3rd Nov - Nagy announces Hungary is leaving Warsaw Pact ; 4th - Soviets take control
What are the consequences of Hungarian Revolution?
2,500 Killed 20,000 injured 200,000 fled
Propaganda disaster for Soviets as UN condemned it. Boycott of ‘56 Olympics
Explain the 4 Summits during Berlin Crisis
Geneva (May 1959)- Nothing was agreed
Camp David (September 1959) - 6 month Ultimatum withdraw,better relations
Paris (May 1960) - Gary Powers shot down, Krushev walked out
Vienna (June 1961) Renewed Ultimatum, JFK Increased military spending by $3billion
Consequences of Berlin Wall
Worsen Relations, Sent a strong message to West,Refugee crisis/Brain drain ended,West Berlin became a symbol of freedom, Big divide in Germany,Increased Suspicions
What was the Bay of Pigs?
Plan to Invade Cuba after revolution, Kennedy planned to land CIA trained Ex-Cubans in bay of Pigs (April 1961), However people of Cuba fought for Castro
Consequences of Bay of Pigs
Castro sought help by USSR and Krushev placed missiles at end of 1961, Other Nations saw America as Imperialist , Humiliation for US
What Happened in the 13 Days?
October 1962 - American U2 planes find missile silos in Cuba, Kennedy sets up quarantine around Cuba,Soviet ships approach Cuba,Both countries prepare for war,26th Kennedy receives letter offering negotiations, 28th Krushev dismantle missiles in Cuba, Secret deal signed by JFK brother and USA would pull missiles out of Turkey
Consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis?
Hotline set up between between US and USSR,Cuba looses missile guarantee,Soviet look weak,America look aggressive
What are the events of Czechoslovakian Uprising
Jan 1968 Dubcek become leader of Czech, April Prague spring reforms,Dubcek invites Tito and Romanian leaders to talks, August Soviets Invade,April 69 Dubcek dismissed
Impacts of Prague Spring
Attempts for UN condemnation,E.Bloc nations felt secure no uprisings,Strain of Yugoslavia and Romanian relations,Communist parties of France and Italy cut ties,Showed Soviet power
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
It meant the USSR had the right to invade any country that threatened the security of E.Bloc
