Elizabeth Flashcards
(29 cards)
What were some early problems of Elizabeth’s reign?
Majority of country was Catholic,She was a women,No husband or children,thought to have previously been in a plot to kill Mary,Illegitimate heir
Name and Explain the social classes in England
Nobility - Monarchy and Royals , Gentry - Powerful families , Yeoman - Small amounts of Land , Farmers - Farmed rented land , Merchants - Owned property lots , Craftsmen - Skilled employees
What is the structure of Elizabethan Government
Court - Made up of nobility , no real power
Privy Council - advise the queen on issues
Parliament - parliament controlled extra money but needed monarch to call them
Lord lieutenant - Oversaw areas of England
Justice of the Peace - Heard court and oversaw social and economic policies
What were the aims of the religious settlement?
Wanted to heal divisions between protestants and Catholics, wanted people to obey her,she said “I would not open a window into men’s souls” meaning she won’t force anyone.
What was the reaction to the middle way?
Catholics wouldn’t accept a women as head, Catholics wouldn’t like prayers in English,Puritans wouldn’t to control each church,Geographical differences
How would the settlement be enforced?
Church would monitor other professions e.g. doctors,Would be inspections of church’s,Visitations
What was the crucifix controversy?
Puritans were angry Elizabeth wanted crucifixs in every church (thought it represented idols) and Elizabeth backed down and removed them
What was the Vestment controversy?
Puritans didn’t want priests to wear special vestments as it separates them from the congregation. Elizabeth won and priests were Forced to wear it
What was the Catholic threat?
Pope told Catholics not to go to the Church of England
Elizabeth didn’t investigate recusants because she didn’t want martyrs
1/3 of nobility were recusants
What were the events of the revolt of Northern Earls?
1969 - Rebellion broke out,lead by Northumberland and Westmoreland 6000 soldiers, Wanted to rescue Mary, Took Durham and held mass,Royal army defeated rebellion and 800 executed
What were the 3 main foreign threats to Elizabeth and why?
France - Supported Mary QOS (Part of Royal family),links to Scotland,Close geographically,England claimed Calais
Dutch revolt - Made Elizabeth look weak as didn’t defend,many fled to England
Spain - Wealthy,powerful,close to Pope,hated protestants
What were the 3 plots against Elizabeth?
Ridolfi - Italian Banker living in England, Didn’t lead to much and only showed Spain’s aggression
Throckmorton - 60,000 Frenchman were going to be raised and showed their aggression but was intercepted quickly
Babington - Led to Mary’s death,showed many in the north wanted to kill Elizabeth
How did Walsingham’s spy network work?
Spies and Informants in every country
Ciphers
Torture
Why was Mary executed
Evidence found in Babington Plot
By 1587 it was clear Phillip was planning an attack and they feared Mary added fuel
New Act of Parliament (Act for the preservation of the Queens safety)
Why was Elizabeth being pressurised to help Dutch revolt?
They were protestants
Fighting Spanish
She wanted to avoid any chance to fight Spain
What did Elizabeth do with Duke of Alencon?
Tried to marry him so Phillip thought England and France would work to together
When that failed she tried to turn him against Spain
Why did Phillip launch to Armada
Religion - was fighting for Pope and Catholicism
Provocation - Drake had been attacking Spanish ships and Elizabeth supported Dutch
Politics - Treaty of Joinville had made spain very powerful
Key events of Armada
12th July 1588 - set sail , 19th - English chased Spanish up channel , 27th - Spanish docked Calais English sent burning ships , 28th - English Ships attack Gravelines , 30th - Tried to go round Scotland , Only half got back to Spain
What were the reason for Spanish defeat
Lack of Cannonballs Bad supplies and food No deep sea ports Bad communication Poor weather Superior English tactics and leadership
Consequence of Spanish defeat
Gave Elizabeth great propaganda victory
Encourage Dutch and boosted English pride
Gave English naval confidence
It costs spain losts
How and why did education change
New world meant more commerce and now more could afford schools
Rise in poetry,drama,philosophy and science
Elizabeth saw education important
What was the problem of the poor?
Poor spent 80% on bread
Rise in vagabonds (homeless)
Economic recession
Rural depopulation
What caused Elizabethan poverty?
Population growth
Sheep farming (took space from crops)
Rising prices (grain wasn’t as valuable so switch to other farming)
Rural depopulation (more people in crowded cities needing food)
Enclosure (using crop land)
What acts were passed for the poor and what did they do?
Statue of Artificers (1563) - Beggars to be whipped , JoP to keep count of poor, overseers of poor to help relief
Vagabonds act (1572) - Beggars sent to house of correction, Genuinely unable to get work would be given some
Poor relief act (1576) - Ensure orphans had apprenticeships,sick or old given alm-houses , begging forbidden , everyone paid poor rate
