Cold War and European Union

Question 1

Potsdam Conference

Answer 1

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam, outside of Berlin, in July 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe, but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

Germany divided, national borders redrawn.

Question 2

Atomic Bomb

Answer 2

Started the Nuclear Age in 1945. Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.

Question 3

United Nartions

Answer 3

Replaced the League of Nations in 1945. Focused on keeping the peace throughout the world. Permanent members of the Security Council include: USA, England, USSR, France, Taiwan, China (1971)

Question 4

NATO

Answer 4

North Atlantic Treaty Organization est. 1949
Defended members from attacks by the USSR

US anti-USSR military thing

Question 5

Warsaw Pact

Answer 5

USSR’s version of NATO est. 1955

Protects its members from the Allied intervention

Question 6

Nuremberg Trials

Answer 6

1945
the official trial of 24 German officers after world war 2.
10 were convicted and executed

Question 7

Marshal Plan

Answer 7

US President Truman’s

$13 Billion in financial aid to the Allies to rebuild after World War Two destruction

Question 8

Konrad Adenauer

Answer 8

The first chancellor of united West (USA side) Germany by free elections

Question 9

Walter Ulbricht

Answer 9

Became the first Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party (Berlin), serving as this position from 1950 until 1971. He also served as the head of the East (USSR side) German State from 1960 until his death in 1973.

Question 10

Tito

Answer 10

Communist leader of Yugoslavia, refused soviet occupation. US provided him with money

Question 11

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 11

Took control of the USSR in 1955

• focused on consumer goods
• denounced Stalin and his crimes in his “Secret Speech”
• a lil more freedom

Question 12

Welfare State

Answer 12

Base on belief that eliminating poverty and homelessness, providing medical services for all, ensuring dignity for elderly and extending education opportunities for all that wanted them.

-first seen in Germany

Question 13

Berlin Airlift

Answer 13

July 1948

1. Soviets blocked off access to Berlin
2. No supplies got to the East Berlin side (USA)
3. The Allies flew in supply
4. Stalin backed down

Question 14

Mao Zedong

Answer 14

The Communist leader of North China

1949- took over all of China and established the Peoples Republic of China

Question 15

The Korean War

Answer 15

North- Communist (USSR)
South- Republic (USA!) 
1950, North invaded South
1951, US pushed to communist back up north
--divided Korea

Question 16

Sputnik

Answer 16

World’s first satellite, released by the Soviet union. Led to the technology race b/w US and the USSR

Question 17

Berlin Wall

Answer 17

1961- Built to keep eastern Berliners from leaving to the west side

torn down 1989

Question 18

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 18

Soviets sent missiles to Cubs where they could hit any par of US in easter hemisphere. US blockaded Cuba until Soviets took out the weapons, which they did. higest tensions of the cold war

Question 19

KGB/ CIA

Answer 19

The USSR’s secret police (originally called the Cheka)

Question 20

Vietnam War

Answer 20

Aprolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States

Question 21

Leonid Brezhnev

Answer 21

Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union (1906-1982)
- focused on consumer goods

Question 22

Alexander Dubceck

Answer 22

The new Communist leader in Czechoslovakia, he initiated a program of democratic reforms saying that he wanted to create “socialism with a human face.” Brezhnev, alarmed by Dubcek’s reforms called on the other Warsaw Pact countries to invade Czechoslovakia and remove Dubcek from power.

Question 23

“Prague Spring”

Answer 23

In what became knows as the Prague Spring, the government of Czechoslovakia, under Dubcek, began to experiment with a more liberal communism. Dubcek expanded the freedom of discussion and other intellectual rights at a time when they were being suppressed in the Soviet Union.
-soviets invaded Prague

Question 24

“Brezhnev Doctrine”

Answer 24

Assertion that the Soviet Union and it allies had the right to intervene in any society whenever they saw the need. The Brezhnev Doctrine justified the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968.

Question 25

Lech Walesa

Answer 25

The people of Poland were the first to test Gorbachev’s new policies. Led by Walesa, Polish workers formed a democratic trade union called Solidarity. He refused to negotiate through any of the government controlled unions.

Question 26

Pope John Paul II

Answer 26

1978- helped organize opposition to wards communism

Question 27

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 27

Mikhail S. Gorbachev attempt to reform the Soviet System, His primary goal was to revive the Russian economy in order to raise the country’s standard of living. Under the policy of perestroika or “restructuring” they proposed major economic and political reforms of the various centralized economic ministries.He also allowed for glasnost or “openness” in public discussion and criticism. Lastly, a third new policy demokratizatsiya, or democratization

Question 28

glasnost

Answer 28

Communist Party policies Policy initiated by premier Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid 1980s. Glasnost resulted in new openness of speech, reduced censorship, and greater criticism.

Question 29

Olympic Boycotts

Answer 29

1984- soviets boycotted L.A Olympics

Question 30

Velvet Revolution

Answer 30

A peaceful protest by the Czech people that led to the smooth end of communism in Czechoslovakia.

Question 31

Boris Yelstin

Answer 31

He emerged as the strongest leader within the new commonwealth. As president of Russia, he was head of the largest and most powerful of the new states. Russian Parliament opposed Yeltsin personally and his policies of economic and political reform. He suspended Parliament in 1993. However, the military backed Yeltsin and he surrounded the parliament building with tanks and troops.

President of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Gorbachev to resign.

Question 32

Disintegration of Yugoslavia

Answer 32

Yugoslavia was a country created after World War I and it contained several different ethnic and religious groups. The Soviet Union made it a satellite nation after World War II, making the groups get along. When the USSR collapsed in 1989, the rival groups began to fight as the country broke up into several countries (Serbia, Croatia, etc.).

Question 33

Treaty of Maastricht

Answer 33

Created the European Union, a more formal economic, political, and social alliance. it created the Euro, the common currency of nearly all EU member nations. A first step toward what Winston Churchill called the United States of Europe.

Question 34

European Union

Answer 34

Single market, free trade zone encompassing 27 European countries
2002- Euro

Question 35

CAP

Answer 35

Common Agriculture Policy

• gave money to farms
• only European produce in Europe