Cold war chapter 3

Question 1

who was the president from 1969 to 1974?

Answer 1

Nixon

Question 2

Who was the president from 1974 to 1977?

Answer 2

Ford

Question 3

Who was the president from 1977 to 1981?

Answer 3

Carter

Question 4

Who was the president from 1981 to 1989?

Answer 4

Reagan

Question 5

Who was the president from 1989 to 1993?

Answer 5

Bush

Question 6

What was detente?

Answer 6

period of peace between two groups that were previously at war

Question 7

What is nuclear parity?

Answer 7

situation in which two or more nations possessing nuclear weapons have equal or near equal numbers and quality of weapons

Question 8

What were some of the causes of détente for the USA?

Answer 8

Vietnam war, civil rights movement, riots

Question 9

What were some of the causes of détente for the USSR?

Answer 9

cutting spending, improving living standards, improving relations

Question 10

What were the main agreements of SALT 1?

Answer 10

ABM treaty, basic principles agreements, interim treaty

Question 11

What was the ABM treaty?

Answer 11

anti-ballistic missiles treaty limited each side to 2 deployment areas and 100 missiles max

Question 12

What was the basic principles agreement?

Answer 12

laid down rules for the conduct of nuclear warfare and set out steps for avoiding nuclear warfare

Question 13

What was the interim agreement?

Answer 13

Limited the number of ICBMs each country could have

Question 14

When was SALT 1?

Answer 14

May 1972

Question 15

What were the Helsinki accords?

Answer 15

security, cooperation, human rights

Question 16

When were the Helsinki accords signed?

Answer 16

1975

Question 17

What did each of the baskets of the Helsinki accords mean?

Answer 17

security- borders cannot be changed by force
cooperation- working together including joint space mission
Human rights- respecting human rights including freedom of speech

Question 18

When was SALT 2?

Answer 18

1979

Question 19

What were the agreements of SALT 2?

Answer 19

limited nuclear warheads and strategic delivery vehicles

Question 20

What factors contributed to the ending of detente?

Answer 20

increase of communism in central America, Tehran embassy captured by Islamic militants, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Question 21

What was the Mujahideen?

Answer 21

Muslims who fight on the behalf of their faith or the Muslim community

Question 22

What was the Carter doctrine?

Answer 22

policy declared by Carter that if necessary, the USA would use force to defend its interests in the Persian gulf

Question 23

What led to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 23

The pro-Soviet government was removed in a coup by Hafizullah Amin. He became unpopular with Muslim factions and there were talks of American support

Question 24

When was the coup of Afghanistan and what happened?

Answer 24

In September 1979, Hafizullah Amin staged a coup of the pro Soviet government

Question 25

Why did the Soviet union benefit from a pro Soviet government in Afghanistan?

Answer 25

Iran had a Muslim fundamentalist government and Afghanistan acted as a buffer zone between Iran and the USSR to stop the religious beliefs spreading

Question 26

How did the USA oppose the Soviet influence in Afghanistan?

Answer 26

imposed economic sanctions and funded the mujahideen, costing the USSR $8 bn a year

Question 27

What were the Olympic boycotts?

Answer 27

The USA led a boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, joined by 60 countries

Question 28

What were the consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 28

Carter withdrew the SALT 2 proposal, increased arms spending

Question 29

What were the consequences of the Olympic boycotts?

Answer 29

humiliated and undermined the USSR, worsened relations, led to a boycott of the LA Olympics in 1984 by the USSR and 15 other communist countries, reduced profit from tourism and Olympic support

Question 30

How did the USA benefit from control in the middle East?

Answer 30

Oil fields in the Persian gulf were crucial to their prosperity

Question 31

What were Reagan's views on communism?

Answer 31

He thought communism was evil and the USA represented forces for good

Question 32

How did Reagan instigate the second cold war?

Answer 32

boosted arms spending by 13 percent in 1982 with a further 8 percent in 1983 and 1984, trident submarines and stealth bombers developed, interfered and supported anti-communist groups in Central America and the Caribbean

Question 33

What was the strategic defence initiative?

Answer 33

In 1983, Reagan announced that the USA would place a series of satellites in orbit with the capacity to shoot down soviet missiles

Question 34

Why was the SDI important?

Answer 34

Put pressure on the USSR's finances, broke the 1967 outer space treaty, it was not ready and was just Reagan bluffing

Question 35

Who became leader of the USSR in March 1985?

Answer 35

Gorbachev

Question 36

What was Perestroika?

Answer 36

reconstruction- Reforming the Soviet economy to include some of the practices that made Capitalism successful

Question 37

What was Glasnost?

Answer 37

transparency-less corruption and fear in government

Question 38

What were the consequences of Glasnost?

Answer 38

Brezhnev doctrine dropped, reduced arms spending, withdrawal from Afghanistan

Question 39

What happened at the Geneva summit of 1985?

Answer 39

Gorbachev and Reagan established a good working relationship

Question 40

What happened at the Reykjavik summit of 1986?

Answer 40

Gorbachev, knowing the risks of Nuclear power, especially after the Chernobyl disaster, suggested phasing out nuclear weapons if the USA gave up SDI. No agreement was made but relations improved

Question 41

What happened at the Washington summit of 1987?

Answer 41

The intermediate range nuclear force treaty stated that both countries would abolish all land based missiles with a range of 500-5500 km

Question 42

What happened at the Malta summit of 1989?

Answer 42

Bush and Gorbachev marked the end of the Cold war

Question 43

What were the five summits that led to the end of the cold war?

Answer 43

Geneva, Reykjavik, Washington, Moscow, Malta

Question 44

What led to the tearing down of the Berlin Wall?

Answer 44

in May 1989, Hungary's government took down the fence along Austria's border, promising democracy and free elections, solidarity was legalised in Poland in June 1989, Velvet revolution overthrows communist government in Czechoslovakia in November

Question 45

What were the events of the fall of the Berlin wall?

Answer 45

Huge numbers of East Germans left for the West In September, travelling through Hungary to Austria, demonstrations against the govt. were not stopped by Gorbachev, East German govt. announced open borders in November and people began tearing down the wall. East and West were reunited in 1990

Question 46

What events followed the fall of the Berlin wall?

Answer 46

December 1990, Slovenia became its own independent nation, breaking apart Yugoslavia, demonstrations against communism in December 1989 led to the execution of communist leader Petrescu, Bulgaria's communist leader resigned December 1989

Question 47

What were the consequences of the fall of the Berlin wall?

Answer 47

Warsaw pact broken up, Gorbachev fell from power as he was blamed for losing control of the Warsaw pact and a coup was staged against him, leading him to eventually resign 25th December 1990