Medicine through time- Industrial Flashcards
(31 cards)
Who was Louis Pasteur?
French scientist who discovered Germ theory in 1861
Who was Robert Koch?
German scientist who identified the different germs that caused many common diseases e.g. tuberculosis
Who was James Simpson?
Scottish surgeon who pioneered the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic
Who was Joseph Lister?
English surgeon who pioneered the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic during surgery
Who was Edward Jenner?
English doctor that developed the smallpox vaccine
Who was John Snow?
English surgeon that proved that dirty water spread cholera
What was enlightenment?
a movement in Europe that promoted the idea that people could think for themselves and the church didn’t control everyday life
What was spontaneous generation?
the theory that pathogens could randomly spawn in non-living matter
What are microbes?
Living organisms too small to see without a microscope
What was germ theory?
Pasteur’s theory that disease was spread by pathogens
What were anaesthetics like before Simpson?
Opium and nitrous oxide had been used with mild success however patients often died from being sent into shock from pain
What was aseptic surgery?
Surgical techniques to prevent microbes from entering the wounds
What was inoculation?
deliberately infecting oneself with a disease to avoid a more severe case of it later on
What was laissez faire?
The hands-off attitude employed by the government in terms of healthcare and other public affairs
What were the 4 principles of germ theory?
the air has microorganisms, microbes are killed by heat, they cause decay and aren’t evenly distributed by air
When was germ theory published?
1861
What did Koch discover and when?
Koch identified that different germs cause different diseases such as TB in 1882
Why wasn’t germ theory taken seriously?
Pasteur was not a doctor and spontaneous generation was still used until 1870
What did Florence Nightingale do to change medical care?
during the Crimea, she increased ventilation, demanded 300 scrubbing brushes to improve cleanliness around soldiers, established separate isolation wards and set up the nightingale school for nurses in 1860
What did Lister do to improve aseptic and antiseptic techniques during surgery?
sprayed carbolic acid in the air during surgery, steam cleaned instruments and introduced gowns
Why was the implementation of chloroform successful?
queen Victoria gave birth using chloroform and he was knighted
What were the downsides of Carbolic acid?
people didn’t believe in germs so were reluctant to use it
What were the downsides of chloroform?
a 14 year old died of chloroform overdose and it was very easy to overdose and cause heart problems
How did the Government help during the cholera epidemic?
encouraged local councils to provide clean water and clean up their cities, arranged for new sewers to be built, established a public health act
