cold war crisis 1958-70 Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
how was the way of life different in West berlin than east berlin
A
West: democratic,captiliaist,NATO,Marshall,high standards of livings,social freedoms
East:
dictatorship,communist,warsaw,No marshall, low standards of livng,restrictions to social freedoms
2
Q
what was the refugee problem in berlin
A
- many east germans wanted to move to west
- it was easy to travel as they would just go through berlin
3
Q
what are the statistics for people leaving east germany
A
- 1958 - 3 million people crossed to west germany
- people who were crossing were skilled workers like mechanics as they could earn more money in west berlin
4
Q
what was the impact of people leaving east germany to go to west germany
A
- embarrassment for soviet
- krushchev needed skilled workers to help east germany
- krushchev needed to stop the migration
5
Q
what did khrushchev want to happen to berlin
A
he wanted to the whole of berlin to be controlled by east germany
6
Q
when was khrushchevs berlin ultimatium
A
nov 1958
7
Q
what was apart for the khrushchevs berlin ultimatium
A
- western troops should be removed from east berlin
- berlin should become a free city
- he gave the west 6 weeks to do this and if not khrushchev would take over all transport links so east germanys would have to stop going to the west
8
Q
what was the impact of the berlin ultimatum for international relations
A
- west were outraged and believed the soviets were trying to take more land
- khrushchev believed this was the only way to stop skilled workers leaving
9
Q
why did teh sides called for negotitation through the summit meetings
A
- both believed if military was used it could end in a nuclear war
- number of nuclear wepaons from both sides was rapidly increasing
- they hoped to find a solution
10
Q
when was the geneva summit
A
may 1959
11
Q
what happened at the geneva summit
A
- took place in switzerland - neutral country
- both sides put forward what they wanted to do with berlin
- NO AGREEMENT
- EIsenhower invited khrushchev to USA for more dicussion
12
Q
When was camp david summit meeting
A
september 1959
13
Q
what happened at Camp david summit meeting
A
- EIsenhower and Khrushev got along well
- met for first time
- seemed to produce better relationship
- NO AGREEMENT
14
Q
when was the paris summit meeting
A
May 1960
15
Q
what happened in the paris summit meeting
A
- soviet just shot down american spy plane over soviet union
- americans said it was a weather plane that had gone off course - soviets interrogated piolt who confessed it was a spy mission
- eisenhower refused to sya it was spy plane
- Khrushchev walked out of meeting
- NO AGREEMENT
16
Q
when was VIenna summit meeing
A
June 1961
17
Q
what happened at the vienna summit meeting
A
- Austria
- John f kennedy was now predident - wanted to work hard to neogitate with soviets
- Khrushchev through Kenndy was young and inexperienced so thought he could get his way
- krushchev re intoduced the berlin ultimatium
- kennedy refused to give in
- poor realtionship between two
- kennedy increased spening on military
- message to soviet that usa was prepared to use military
18
Q
what is the back ground of the building of the berlin wall
A
- no solution made about ultimatum
- more east germans leaving due to fear of closed border
19
Q
when was the berlin wall built
A
12th august 1961
20
Q
what happened during the building of teh berlin wall
A
- Krushchev order soliders to build barbed wire fence around berlin
- one closley controlled checkpoint called checkpoint charlie
- work satrted quickly in 165km conrete wall around city
- tanks gaurded wall
- by octover 1961 no one could leave east germany to got o west
21
Q
what is the importance and the consequences of the berlin wall
A
- anyone who tried to escape were shot
- wall stopped eastern germans leaving
- cut through buildings are streets
- west berlin fire services helped people escape by jumping through windows
- wall was made stronger witha no amns land in the middle
- families and friends were divided
22
Q
what were the negative consequences and importance of the Berlin Wall
SOVIET
A
- didnt get what they wanted in berlin ultimatium
- looked abd for soviets as it looked like they had to permenatley lock in peopel to stop them from elaving
- showed people preferred capitalism
23
Q
what were the negative consequences and importance of the Berlin Wall on the relationship between the usa and soviet union
USA
A
- soviets were able to close boarder without permission from USA - made kennedy look weak
- nothing kennedy could do without potentially starting a nucelar war
24
Q
what were the positive consequences and importance of the Berlin Wall
soviet
A
- stopped people leaving
- messaged to usa of their strength
- showed soviets were not willing to give up their communism control
25
what were the positive consequences and importance of the Berlin Wall on the relationship between the usa and soviet union
| USA
- west put more money in west berlin to make it look more propserhus
- this amd ethe west become a symbol of freedom
26
The consequences and importance of the Berlin Wall on the relationship between the USA and Soviet Union
positive: definitive divide so less liley for sides to go to war, reduced tension as both sides accepted the building of the wall
negative: dividing germany - iron curtain speech, wall became powerful symbol of the differences, europe was now completeley divided
27
what is the the importance of kennedys visit to berlin
- he gained better reputation
- he praised the freedom of the west
- the fact he travelled there shows how much he wanted west berlin to reamin in the west
28
who was fidel castro
a rebel who sucessfuly had overthrown the government in 1956
- he wnated nothing to do with america
29
what did cuba have to do with the cold war
- land owned by americans in cuba were taken by cuban gov
- castro started putting communist in gov
- castro made agreement with khrushchev in 1960
- they agreed to buy cuban sugar in return for economic aid
- secret agreement where cuba would allow weapons from the soviet union to base there
30
what did the new cuban government run by castro eman for the USA
- a new communist government was being created 145miles away from USA
- Eisenhower banned all trade with cuba in 1960
31
what is the background to the bay of pigs
- kennedy didnt wnat communist government this close to USA
- agreed to an invasion by CIA to invade cuba and overthrow it
- they planned t use ex-cubans so it looked like a cuban revolution not a usa attack
32
when was the bay of pigs
1961
33
what happened during the bay of pigs
1400 ex-cubans invaded and aimed to remove castro and put friendly us governemnt in
34
what was the result of the bay of pigs
it failed
35
why did the bay of pigs fail
- ex-cubans had little military experience
- castro found out and had 20000 cuban soilders waiting
- most ordinary cuban people didnt support usa so didnt help
36
what were the consequences of teh bay of pigs
usa humiliated - castro used images of cuban victory and showed them around the world - looked like USA was trying to invade cuba
more militayr build up - castro asked for more help defending against usa - they were delievered more weapons
nuclear worry - kennedy worried nuclear weapons would be sent to cuba - massive threat
37
when was the cuban missile crisis
1962
38
what was the cuban missile crisis
In 1962, American spy-planes took images of launch pads for medium range ballistic missiles - cause
damage to the USA.
CIA told Kennedy that fleet of Soviet ships were sailing to Cuba and it was
presumed that they were carrying the missiles themselves.
This was
the crisis that Kennedy had to deal with.
39
why did krushchev want nuclear weapons in cuba even though he ahd promsied not to do this
NATO had missiles in Turkey which was
near the Soviet Union.
By putting missiles on Cuba, Khrishchev would be able to show his strength and military power again.
40
What was the
consequence of
the missiles in
Cuba for
Kennedy?
time - missiles would be active in two weeks
- public pressure - american public wanting kennedy to deal with it
us elections - he needed to deal with missile or he would loose elections
41
when was the thirteen days
16th-28th october 1962
42
what happened during the thirteen days
meetings: meetings held everyday to decide what the usa should do
no attack: 22nd october
naval: blockade plan around cuba with no ships able to enter
TV: kennedy annouce his plans to public
nuclear : americans worried about nuclear war
bomber : just incase kennedy organised 54 bombers with nuclear missiles
soviet ships retreated - 24th october ships reached blockade + turned around
telegram: khrush agreed to remove missile sites if usa promised not to invade cuba and removed missiles in tukery
43
what were the consequences of the cuban missile crisis
NO WAR - war was avioded on both sides
REDUCTION IN TENSION: war was so close that both sides were frightened into making agreements
OUTER SPACE TREATY: both sides agreed not to use space for military reasons
TEST BAN TREATY: both agreed to stop testing nuclear weapons in outer space
FALL OF KHRUSH: soviets believed khrush was humilliated and was sacked in 1964
44
when was the outer space treaty
1967
45
when was the test ban treaty
1963
46
when was the prauge spring
1948
47
why was their opposition to the soviet union in czechoslovakia
economic - all goods made were taken to soviet union, poor economy,czech people had very few goods,food and fuel
political - no democracy,no freedom of speech, tv,radio and newspapers were all censored
social - poor standard of living, czech people coudlnt travel to west
48
who was alexander dubeck
- new czech leader in 1968
- he was still communist had had more liberal ideas
- he wanted people to enojy their lives
49
what was the prauge spring
- dubeck made reforms that gave more freedom to the czech people
- this freedom was known as the pruage spring
50
what wer ethe consequences of the pruage spring
- less censorship - people could openly cristize
- government control on aldn in industry was lessened
- trade with countries outside eastern bloc was allwoed
- gave czech people the freedom to travel to countries outside eastern bloc
- open discussion about allowing other politicla aprties
- people liked their new freedoms
51
was where the consequences of the prague spring in the soviet union
- soviet union had new leader - brezhnev
- he disliked prauge spring and new freedoms
- he was worried other states would do the same and gain freedom which would damage the powerful image of the soviet union
52
when did brezhnev come into power
1964
53
how did the soviet union react to the prague spring
- brezhnev order troops to carry out military practicse outside boarder as warning
- brez worried the dubeck had invited too other leaders to czech who were trying to gain freedom
- brez order military action
- 20th august 1968 - 500,000 warsaw troops invaded
- instead of fight dubcheck remained peacful
54
what was the outcome for dubcheck
- arrested + order to change reforms
- replaced by a harder communist leader
- fro next 20 years czech was under strict control
55
what is teh consequence of the pruage spring and the soviet invasion
the brezhnev doctrine
56
what is the brezhnev doctrine
Brezhnev said that if any communist country attempted freedom or threatened other communist countries, the Warsaw Pact troops would be sent in. - This was a way to stop any other countries from attempting to gain more freedom.
57
when wa sthe brezhnev doctrine created
1968
58
The importance of the Prague Spring and the invasion of the Soviet Union on czech
- The Soviet invasion ended the time of the Prague Spring
- The Soviet invasion led back to strict Soviet control again.
59
The importance of the Prague Spring and the invasion of the Soviet Union on czech - other important countries
- Other countries spoke out against the Soviet invasion which made their relationship with the Soviet Union worse.
● Communist political parties in Italy and France cut their links to the Soviet Union.
● The communist governments of East Germany and Poland liked the tough appraoch of the Soviet
Union as it made them feel safer.
60
