Cold War P2

Question 1

When was NATO formed?

Answer 1

April 1949

Question 2

Who was NATO formed by?

Answer 2

The Western countries (the US and Europe), initiated by Truman

Question 3

Who were the members of NATO?

Answer 3

12 nations at first: Fr, Britain, US, Canada, Iceland

Question 4

What were the reasons for the creation of NATO?

Answer 4

To station Military forces across the Atlantic in Western Europe: to continue containment.

Question 5

What was the reaction of the East to the creation of NATO?

Answer 5

4 months later, Stalin exploded their 1st a bomb.
The USSR created the Warsaw Pact.

Question 6

What were the aims of the creation of NATO?

Answer 6

To continue their commitment to containment in Europe.

Question 7

When was the Warsaw Pact created?

Answer 7

1955

Question 8

Who created the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 8

Kruschev, recently new leader of USSR

Question 9

Who were members of the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 9

Eastern European Satellite states such as Albania, Hungary & East Germany

Question 10

Why was the Warsaw Pact created?

Answer 10

To create a buffer from attack in the West (NATO had recently been created)
West Germany had recently joined NATO

Question 11

When did Western Germany join NATO and why then?

Answer 11

Western Germany was not ‘allowed’ to join until 1955 as before was seen as too soon to remilitarise an unsettled country.

Question 12

When did Greece and Turkey join NATO?

Answer 12

1952

Question 13

What problem did the USSR have with Greece and Turkey joining NATO?

Answer 13

Displays the success of containment.
They would find it difficult to trade in winter.

Question 14

How successful was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 14

By 1950, the output of Western European countries had increased by 25%.

Question 15

Why was 1945 significant for the Arms race?

Answer 15

When the USA dropped the first a bomb bringing fear jealous and mistrust along with ending WW2

Question 16

Why was 1949 significant for the Arms race?

Answer 16

The Soviets test their a bomb following the formation of NATO

Question 17

When were the first h bombs tested?

Answer 17

USA - 1952
USSR - 1953

Question 18

In what year did Eisenhower become President?

Answer 18

1953

Question 19

Why was nuclear so attractive at first?

Answer 19

New technology, continual one upping.
In 1953, the cost of TNT was 1,700 dollars relative to nuclear’s 23 dollars

Question 20

What policy was developed in 1953 and by who?

Answer 20

The ‘New Look’ policy was created by Eisenhower aka nuclear deterrence

Question 21

What was the main principle of nuclear deterrence aka the new look policy?

Answer 21

The making of so many nuclear weapons that the USA could answer any soviet threat with ‘massive retaliation’.

Question 22

What did the SUAF do in 1955?

Answer 22

They put on an air show to display the new b-4 bomber, flying all of the planes over twice to create false illusions, this formed the ‘bomber gap’

Question 23

What was the USAFs response to the bomber gap in 1955?

Answer 23

They built twice as many of their new b-52 bombers

Question 24

When was Sputnik 1 launched?

Answer 24

1957

Question 25

What was the significance of the launch of Sputnik 1?

Answer 25

Missiles could now be launched from space.

Question 26

How did the US respond to the launch of Sputnik 1?

Answer 26

Developing their own rockets: the space race begins.

Question 27

When were the first Inter Continental Balistic Missiled tested and by whom?

Answer 27

1957 by the SU

Question 28

When was the Polaris missile tested and by whom?

Answer 28

1959 by the US

Question 29

What was the significance of the Polaris missile?

Answer 29

Missiles could now be fired from subs

Question 30

What was the SU response to the creation of Polaris missiles?

Answer 30

They followed with their own nuclear subs.

Question 31

What happened with IBMs in 1960?

Answer 31

Both sides tried to locate IBMs in friendly county close to their enemies eg Turkey and Cuba

Question 32

How was the idea of the missile gap created in 1960?

Answer 32

Experts indicated that the SU would have 10 times more missiles than the US by 1961

Question 33

What was one of Kennedys biggest promises relating to the arms race during his campaign in 1960?

Answer 33

He criticised Eisenhower for allowing the missile gap to form and promised to close it at the election.

Question 34

When did Kennedy first become President?

Answer 34

1961

Question 35

What did Kennedy discover when he became President?

Answer 35

There was no distinguishable missile gap

Question 36

What was the problem for JFK when he discovered the lack of a missile gap?

Answer 36

He could not admit that there was no gap bcs they would have to say that they had been spying however he did not want to go back on his promise in the public eye so had to ‘waste’ money on unnecessary weapons.

Question 37

What conference took place in March 1962?

Answer 37

The Geneva Disarmament Conference

Question 38

What began in October of 1962?

Answer 38

Cuban Missile crisis

Question 39

When was mad adopted? Who was President?

Answer 39

1963 by kennedy

Question 40

What was the main idea and purpose of the MAD policy?

Answer 40

Stands for mutually assured destruction. Aimed to have roughly the same amount of missiles as the SU thus both sides would have the ability to destroy eachother creating a ‘balance of power.’

Question 41

What was the defect in Eisenhowers idea of massive retaliation?

Answer 41

They would not be able to destroy all Soviet missile sites: huge destruction could still affect the US.

Question 42

When we’re ABMs first developed?

Answer 42

1963 by both sides at similar points

Question 43

What was the purpose of ABMs?

Answer 43

Stands for anti-ballistic missiles Used as interceptors

Question 44

From … to … (arms race)

Answer 44

From MAD to NUTS

Question 45

When were MIRVs first developed?

Answer 45

1963

Question 46

What was the purpose of MIRVs?

Answer 46

Stands for Multiple Independantly Targeted Re-entry vehicles Permits missiles to deliver multiple nuclear warheads to different targets Also a lot more accurate

Question 47

When was the policy of NUTS put in place?

Answer 47

1963

Question 48

What was the main idea of NUTS?

Answer 48

Development of ABMs and MIRVs If both sides could now hit small sites such as each other’s missile launch sites rather than cities, it would be possible for one of them to win a awe without being destroyed

Question 49

What treaty was signed in 1963 and why?

Answer 49

The test ban treaty was signed bcs the world was on the edge of war

Question 50

When did China become Communist?

Answer 50

In 1949 the rep of China became the peoples rep of China

Question 51

When was the treaty of friendship signed and by whom?

Answer 51

Feb 1950, SU and PRoC

Question 52

What was the USAs reaction to China becoming communist?

Answer 52

They refused to recognise the gov

Question 53

What form of communism did China follow?

Answer 53

Maoism - based on ‘peasants’ rather than industrial workers

Question 54

Why was the Chinese revolution important to the USA?

Answer 54

Another country falling to communism Displayed their failure in containment and the TD

Question 55

How did stalins death affect soviet-Chinese relationships?

Answer 55

They went downhill

Question 56

What happened to Japan immediately after the end of WW2?

Answer 56

Japanese surrender to USSR in the north and USA and the south

Question 57

What happened to Korea in 1948?

Answer 57

2 separate countries were formed: north and South Korea

Question 58

Describe the Korean War

Answer 58

North invades south South is quickly overrun and appeals to un USSR boycotting so passed UN forces supplied to fight communist troops Stalemate Peace treaty

Question 59

When was the stalemate of the foreman war?

Answer 59

June 1951

Question 60

When was the peace treaty signed for the Korean War?

Answer 60

1953

Question 61

What is a proxy war?

Answer 61

A war fought whereby the superpowers supported opposite sides: do not directly fight each other

Question 62

Describe the events of the Vietnam war.

Answer 62

France had controlled indochina for many years and intended to keep the colony after the war. VetMinh proclaim democratic republic of Vietnam The French could not compete with gurilla warfare so withdrew Vietnam split Elections organised for 2 years later JFK sends in support

Question 63

How many casualties had France suffered by 1952?

Answer 63

90,000

Question 64

What was the concept of domino theory?

Answer 64

An American idea suggesting that if communism spread to south Vietnam, then it would also spread to other surrounding countries

Question 65

What was a cult of personality?

Answer 65

When the dictator is glorified and made famous as a kind of saviour

Question 66

When was kruschevs secret speech?

Answer 66

1956