Cold War Topic 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Who was apart of the Grand Alliance?
Stalin (USSR)
Roosevelt (USA)
Churchill (UK)
What were the three important meetings between the Grand Alliance?
Tehran 1943
Yalta Feb 1945
Potsdam July 1945
What was agreed at Tehran?
Agreed to open up a second front
Operation Overlord (D-day) was agreed
Boundaries of Poland would be moved West
What was agreed at Yalta?
Germany when defeated would be split into zones
Germany would be demilitarised and de-Nazified and pay reparations
The UN would be set up
Stalin agreed that Poland could have ‘free elections’
What was agreed at Potsdam?
Poland - no free elections
Nazi Party was banned and war criminals were persecuted
Germany and Berlin was reduced and split into four zones
US presidents in KT1
Franklin Roosevelt 1933-45
Harry Truman 1945-53
Dwight Eisenhower 1953-61
USSR presidents in KT1
Joseph Stalin 1924-53
Nikita Khrushchev 1953-64
What was the Long Telegram?
On the 22nd of Feb 1946 George Kennan (US ambassador) told Truman that:
- USSR saw Capitalism as a threat that had to be destroyed
- USSR was building up its military power
- Peace between the Superpowers couldn’t exist
What was the Iron Curtain Speech?
On the 5th March 1946 Churchill said that there was an iron curtain separating the communist and capitalist countries in Europe
What was the Novikov Telegram?
On the 27th September 1946, Novikov (USSR ambassador) told Stalin that:
- USA wanted world domination and was building up its military strength
- USSR was the only country that could stand up to the USA
- USA was preparing its people for war
What was the Truman Doctrine?
In 1947 stated that:
- The USA would be more involved in international affairs and lead the fight against communism
- Policy of containment
- Financial support to non communist contries
What was the Marshall plan?
Providing $13 billion from USA to help rebuild communism - only given to non communist countries and countries must trade with the USA to receive the money
16 countries took the money
What was Cominform?
Set up on the 22nd of September 1947, encouraged trading with communist members and rejected the Marshall Plan
What was Comecon?
Set up on the 25th January 1949, and provided trade links between Comecon countries
What is NATO?
Set up in 1949 provided mutual defence to its members
What was the Warsaw Pact?
Set up in 1955 and provided mutual defence to its members
What is MAD?
Mutually assured destruction
What caused the Berlin Airlift?
USA and UK joined together to create Bizonia in 1st Jan 1947
France joined Bizonia to create Trizonia in 1948
Created the Deutschmark in Trizonia in June 1948
Stalin felt threatened
What was the Berlin Airlift?
June 1948 the USSR blocked all entrance to West Berlin to get the USA and UK and France to remove their troops - Berlin Blockade
The Western allies began the Berlin airlift where airplanes would take off from Tempelhof - Operation Vittles
Lasted between 24 June 1948 - May 1949
Consequences of the Berlin Airlift?
Stalin ended the blockade after 9 months
2.3 million tons given to West Berlin
270,000 flights
April 1949 NATO formed
September 1949 West Germany officially formed (FDR)
East Germany formed (GDR)
What caused the Hungarian Uprising?
Khrushchev replaces Stalin after his death and surprises the West by denouncing Stalin’s policies
1945 election communist got 17% of the votes
Rakosi got rid of political opponents and 1949 election no opponents
Hungary had: low standard of living, no freedom of speech, everything’s in Russian
What was the Hungarian Uprising?
Uprising began 23rd October 1956, Khrushchev appointed a liberal Prime Minister Nagy
Nagy’s reforms included: Free elections, impartial legal system and fair trials
4th November 1956 200,000 troops sent into Hungary by Khrushchev to depose Nagy and restore order
Consequences of the Hungarian Uprising?
5000 Hungarians and 1000 Soviet troops killed
Nagy disposed of and replaced by Janos Kador
200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria
USSR firmly in control of Hungary
Showed the West would not help countries behind the Iron curtain
