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COLD WEATHER Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

How long does it take flesh to freeze?

A

30 min

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2
Q

What are the types of normal warming defenses?

A

Behavioral temperature regulation

Physiological temperature regulation

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3
Q

What are some types of physiological temperature regulation?

A 
Heat conservation (vasoconstriction)
Heat production
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4
Q

What are some types of heat production?

A

Shivering
Metabolism
Exercise

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5
Q

What is paradoxical undressing?

A

Vasoconstriction ceases and warm blood flows back through the body and creates a feeling of being hot

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6
Q

What are the types of cold weather injuries?

A

Hypothermia
Freezing cold injuries
Non-freezing cold injuries

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7
Q

What are the freezing cold injuries?

A

Frost bite

Frost nip

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8
Q

What are the non-freezing cold injuries?

A 
Trench foot (immersion foot)
Chilblain (pernio)
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9
Q

The condition of having a sub-normal body temperature (<95*F)?

A

Hypothermia

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10
Q

Are freezing temperatures necessary to cause hypothermia?

A

No

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11
Q

What is the key to treating frostbite?

A

Treat the hypothermia FIRST

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12
Q

What is the most accurate body temp location?

A

Rectal

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13
Q

What is the range of a subnormal thermometer?

A

77-104*

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14
Q

What is the body temperature of hypothermia?

A

<95*F

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15
Q

Treatment for hypothermia?

A

Remove wet clothes
Maintain horizontal position
Fluids

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16
Q

What can happen if you don’t handle a hypothermia patient gently?

A

Dysrhythmias

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17
Q

What kind of fluids should you give to a hypothermic patient?

A

Sweet fluids orally if awake

Warm 5% dextrose in NS IV

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18
Q

What is the core temp of mild hypothermia?

A

95-90*F

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19
Q

Presentation of mild hypothermia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Shivering
Apathy or Moodiness
Stumbling

20
Q

What is the core temp of moderate hypothermia?

21
Q

Presentation of moderate hypothermia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Loss of shivering reflex
Cardiac arrhythmias
Paradoxical undressing

22
Q

What is the core temp of severe hypothermia?

23
Q

Presentation of severe hypothermia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neurologic abnormalities
Significant hypotension
Absent neurologic reflexes

24
Q

Should you give O2 to hypothermic patients?

Study These Flashcards
A

Only if heated > 99*F

25
Should you give a hypothermic patient meds?
Only if temp is above 86*F
26
What are the types of rewarming?
Passive external Active external Core
27
What are some passive external re-warming techniques?
Cover w/dry insulating materials Block wind Keep dry
28
What are some active external re-warming techniques?
Heat packs or hot water bottles to neck, axilla & groin | Immerse in warm bath
29
Should you rub or massage cold extremities to re-warm?
NO
30
Examples of core re-warming?
Heated O2 (104*-113*F) Heated IV solutions (104*-107.6*F) Lavage w/warm fluids
31
What is another name for first degree frostbite?
Frost nip
32
S&S of frostnip?
No tissue loss Numbness White & Frozen
33
Does first degree frostbite present w/blisters?
NO
34
S&S of second degree frostbite (superficial)?
Superficial blisters | Erythema & edema around blisters
35
S&S of third degree frostbite (deep)?
Extends into muscle & beyond | Hemorrhagic blisters
36
When should you not thaw a frost bite injury?
If there is a chance of refreezing | Feet if they must walk
37
Should you re-warm an injury over an open flame?
NO
38
Should you rub snow on the injury?
NO
39
Care of a frostbite injury?
Re-warm 15-20min Aloe q6h Debride white blisters Elevate
40
What is the most common error in frostbite management?
Debriding too early
41
How long should you wait to debride mummified tissue?
4-8 weeks
42
What temperatures do non-freezing cold injuries occur at?
32*-50*F
43
What is another name for chilblains?
Pernio
44
Should you break blisters, apply lotions, massage, expose to heat or allow to walk on injury for trench foot?
NO
45
Treatment for trench foot?
Re-warm w/body heat Clean & wrap loosely Elevate
46
What is another name for trench foot?
Immersion foot
47
T or F. one does not acclimatize to the cold, but rather accommodates or habituates?
TRUE

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