Cole ch. 1

Question 1

Seven-Step Format for Group Leadership

Answer 1

1. Introduction
2. Activity
3. Sharing
4. Processing
5. Generalizing
6. Application
7. Summary

Question 2

primary task in the introduction phase.

Answer 2

• explaining the purpose of the group
• The intent of the group and why he or she was assigned to this particular group has undoubtedly been explained individually to each member
• the goals for each activity should always be stated clearly at the beginning of each session

Question 3

Step 2: Activity (composantes)

Answer 3

Timing
Therapeutic goal
Knowledge and skill of the leader

That the activity to be experienced should be kept fairly simple and short. activity should last no longer than one-third of the total session.

knowledge and skill of the leader. What activities that are familiar to the leader can be adapted to this group experience?

Question 4

Activity analysis and activity synthetis

Answer 4

Activity analysis is the “process of examining an activity to distinguish its component parts. Activity synthesis is the process of combining component parts of the human and nonhuman environment so as to design an activity suitable for evaluation or intervention relative to performance”

Question 5

Step 3: Sharing After completing

Answer 5

, each member is invited to share his or her own work or experience with the group.

Empathy is an important factor here. However, if a client refuses to share, this must be accepted

Question 6

Step 4: Processing

Answer 6

This is the most difficult step for students to learn. Inexperienced group leaders often skip this step entirely. Processing involves members expressing how they feel about the experience,

Processing also includes a discussion of the nonverbal aspects of group.

Question 7

Step 5: Generalizing

Answer 7

This step addresses the cognitive learning aspects of the group.

General principles may be arrived at in several ways. The leader can look at the patterns of response among members. What opinions do they have in common?
Another way to distinguish general principles is to look at areas of disagreement.
A third important clue to the general principles is the group’s energy.

Question 8

Step 6: Application

Answer 8

The application phase closely follows the generalizing phase, but takes it one step further. The therapist helps the group to understand how the principles learned during the group can be applied to everyday life.

One way the therapist can help the group with application is through limited self-disclosure. The therapist can role-model application.

Question 9

Step 7: Summary

Answer 9

The purpose of the summary is to verbally emphasize the most important aspects of the group so that they will be understood correctly and remembered

Question 10

3 factors fors Group Motivation

Answer 10

An important factor in the group’s motivation is its confidence in the leader.
Encouraging Enthusiasm

Encouraging Interaction

Question 11

4 ways to set limits in occupational therapy groups

Answer 11

assuming appropriate authority, giving members equal time to participate, limiting inappropriate behaviors, and respectful limit setting.

Question 12

According to Lewin and there are three fundamental leadership styles

Answer 12

autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire

Autocratic leadership implies complete control of the group with little or no input from the members. Democratic leadership allows members to make choices and to have a say in what the group does and becomes. Laissez-faire is a French expression meaning literally “to let do” or to let the people do as they choose.

Question 13

Cosequence of autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire

Answer 13

He found that autocratic leadership resulted in the greatest productivity, but created hostility and resentment, poor quality of work, and dependency on the leader.

Laissez-faire leadership produced independence in the members, but morale was not very high.

It was democratic leadership that resulted in the highest morale and the most group cohesiveness

Question 14

Situational leadership

Answer 14

1. Telling: Leader focuses on workers getting the job done with very little interaction or input from them.
2. Selling: Leader focuses on the task, but also encourages relationship building and worker development.
3. Participating: Leader focuses on building relationships and supporting worker initiatives.
4. Delegating: Leader gives workers independence in how they do their jobs, with minimal direction.

Question 15

Transformational Leadership

Answer 15

Transformational leaders create a vision and give followers the encouragement and resources needed to achieve that vision. Four behaviors comprise transformational leadership: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.

Question 16

Path-Goal theory (Evans). Four behaviors of the leader are incorporated into this theory

Answer 16

calls for leaders to motivate workers to perform well and to achieve job satisfaction

directive, supportive, participative, achivement-oriented

Question 17

Mosey (1986) identified different roles for leaders at each of five levels of group development

Answer 17

: parallel, project, egocentric-cooperative, cooperative, and mature

Question 18

Three types of occupational therapy group leadership

Answer 18

types of occupational therapy group leadership are presented in this text: directive, facilitative, and advisory.

Question 19

Advantages of Co-Leadership

Answer 19

• Mutual support. Even if your co-leader is an inexperienced peer, you will be able to encourage one another and cover for each other’s weaknesses.
• Increased objectivity. Much more can be learned by the group when there are two leaders who can compare observations and give each other feedback.
• Collective knowledge. Two leaders means twice as much knowledge and experience available for the group.
• Models for each other. Peer co-leaders have much to learn from each other.
• Different roles. Good co-leadership teams learn to take advantage of each other’s strengths by taking on different leadership roles.

Question 20

Stages of Co-Leadership

Answer 20

2. Formative stage
3. Development stage
4. Stabilization
5. Refreshment

Question 21

Disadvantages of Co-Leadership

Answer 21

• Splitting. When there are two leaders, group members have a tendency to favor one over the other.
• Competition. Leaders seek to establish themselves as competent therapists, and the approval of others does much to enhance their self-esteem.
• Unequal contribution. This disadvantage occurs when one leader does most of the work, while the other sits back and watches.