Collab Quizzes Flashcards
What were the maximum tsunami run-up heights caused by the great
Japan earthquake and the Lake Lituya events? (
Japan 30, Lituya 500m
Explain both the Kantian and Aristotle interpretation of Earthquakes.
Point out some differences between both of these explanations for
earthquakes and reality (3 points)
Following Aristotle’s book “Meterologica” he conceived of a rocky
earth full of caverns and tunnels through which air would flow. Kant
suggested that earthquakes were caused by the ignition of explosive
gasses within these chambers.
Besides the tsunami, list at least one other natural disasters that
happened due to the Lake Lituya Event
Landslide and Earthquake
What are the two main map projections we learned about in lecture
and how do they differ from each other?
Mercator: Conformal. Not equal area. Popular.
Hobo-Dyer: Not conformal. Equal area. North pole is at the bottom
What causes a fault to slip?
When stresses acting on them overcome frictional
resistance along a fault line. More specifically: sliding occurs when shear stresses
overcome frictional resistance and normal stresses.
What are the two main stages of the earthquake cycle that we discussed in lecture,
and what happens to strain and stress in each stage?
Interseismic – elastic strain is accumulated (stress builds up), and Coseismic – elastic
strain is released (stress drops)
Earthquakes are a by-product of motions that occurred before an earthquake. What
do you understand by this statement?
Earthquakes occur after stress that has been building up for some period of time before
the earthquake has accumulated.
In 2021, the first of many eruptions occurred on the Reykjanes peninsula in Iceland. The
runny lava and non-explosive eruptions caused scientists to think this complex may
develop into what type of volcano? Name a tectonic setting where this type of volcano is
common
Shield volcano, hot spots
In 1980, Mt. St. Helens, located along a plate margin, erupted explosively. What type of
volcano do you think it is?
Stratovolcano
Name one volcanic eruption where the gas coming out of the volcano was more
dangerous than the lava itself. Why is that the case?
Lake Nyos. Because CO2 is heavier than air, when the volcano erupted this gas, it descended
onto nearby villages, suffocating many people and animals.
Mt. Fuji is located above a subduction zone. Based on the geotherm/solidus
relationships of temperature, depth, and pressure, which of the following describes
how magma goes from a solid to a liquid state during a possible eruption of Mt. Fuji?
a. The geotherm moves to the right.
b. The geotherm moves up.
c. The solidus moves to the left.
d. The solidus moves down.
The solidus moves to the left
