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LINGUIST 2D03 > Collecting Data / Data Measurements > Flashcards

Collecting Data / Data Measurements Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

variability

A
  • confounding variables
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2
Q

moderating variables

A
  • influence IV and DV relationship

- cold meds fatigue and alcohol example

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3
Q

mediating variable

A
  • correlation NOT causation
  • fire rates and ice cream sales (there is a third mediating variable making these appear like they are causing each other but they are not)
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4
Q

rating scales

A 
very poor
poor
okay
good
very good
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5
Q

Likert scale

A 
strongly disagree
disagree
neutral
agree
strongly agree
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6
Q

semantic differentiation

A

ranking easy to hard

1-7 scale

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7
Q

accuracy

A

how accurately a participant performs a task

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8
Q

frequency

A

how often do we observe a behavior

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9
Q

latency

A

how long to develop a behavior

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10
Q

duration

A

how long does a behavior last

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11
Q

amplitude

A

how strongly is behavior exhibited

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12
Q

levels of measurement

A

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

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13
Q

nominal

A

name
not quantifiable
(gender, occupation, eye colour)

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14
Q

ordinal

A

order

rankings

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15
Q

interval

A

distance is meaningful

LSAT scores

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16
Q

ratio

A

has to have an absolute zero

income, mac grading scale

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17
Q

is a reliable measure always correct?

A

no

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18
Q

how to establish reliability

A

test re-test
split-half reliability
inter-rater reliability

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19
Q

test re-test

A

collect measures from participants at different times

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20
Q

split-half reliability

A

in a test with n similar questions, take score of a person from the first half and see how it correlates with the scoree of another person from the second half

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21
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

how similar are participants rating from one question to another

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22
Q

validity

A

measure what it says it measures

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23
Q

content validity

A

the degree to which it measures all dimensions of the construct

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24
Q

face validity

A

on the face of it, the measure seems valid

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25
construct validity
does our measure tap into theoretical concepts that it is supposed to measure
26
criterion validity
does measure correlate well with other measures of some behavior
27
central tendency
mean median and mode
28
mean
average
29
median
middle
30
mode
occurs the most
31
range
min-max
32
measures of dispersion
- calculate the distance between each data point and the mean - take the square of all of them - take the sum of the squares and divide by (n-1)
33
scales
measures of the specific psychological characteristic
34
inventories
measure things like personality
35
research skills
- use catalog search, not discovery - a more generic search for a book - the more specific search for the article - use filters - check credentials of article
36
Linguistics and Language Behaviour Behaviour Abstracts
- primarily abstracts | - has good filters
37
Web of Science
- broader than LLBA | - a lot of citations and abstracts
38
Google Scholar
- broadest - natural language search - advanced search bar - links to mac library
39
Purdue owl
APA owl
40
external validity
replicating a result in different settings with different populations
41
ecological validity
how natural and generalizable is the task, testing enviroment etc.
42
internal validity
did the independent variable cause the changes ew observe in the dependent variable
43
controlling the extraneous variables
- elimination - constancy - secondary variable as IV - randomization - repeated measure - statistical control
44
problems with internal validity (7)
- participant reactivity - demand characteristics - participant sophistication - social desirability - experimenter bias - range restriction - order effects
45
participant reactivity
act differently knowing they are being observed positive results due to "good subject" effect negative results due to "bad subject" effect solution: disguise hypothesis
46
demand characteristics
when paticipant is told how to behave | solution: hiding true topic
47
participant sophistication
because of previous knowledge participant may come to know the hypothesis
48
social desirability
act as they feel they should to look good
49
experimenter bias
when experimenter influences the results | solution: blind experiment, script interactions
50
range restriction
when not all of measurement scale is used | ceiling/floor effect
51
order effects
when one part of the study affects a later part of the study practice and carry-over effects
52
problems with external validity (1)
self-selection
53
self-selection
when people volunteer themselves for an experiment
54
probability
specific probability a participant will end up in your sample
55
non-probability
it is impossible to say how likely anyone participant will end up in your sample
56
random sampling
every person in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being in the sample
57
systematic sampling
pick every nth person on the list
58
stratified sampling
say 20% of the population has X and we want 100 participants we would select 20 participants randomly from that 20% that has X
59
cluster sampling
randomly selecta small number of clusters and study all of the workers in those clusters
60
multistage sampling
i.e. select a school district, a school, a class
61
non-probability sampling
convenience, quota, referral
62
convenience sampling
test whoever is available
63
quota sampling
pick people from subgroups and include them in the order you approach them
64
referral sampling
have participant refer you to someone they know who is also part of the population you are studying

LINGUIST 2D03 (12 decks)

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