Collectivisation

Question 1

What was a Kolkhoz?

Answer 1

Standard farm

Question 2

What was a Sovkhoz?

Answer 2

State-run farm

Question 3

What was a Toz?

Answer 3

Peasant owned farm

Question 4

How many farms did one Kolkhoz consist of?

Answer 4

50-100

Question 5

Why was collectivisation introduced? (5)

Answer 5

To control the people
It was more communist than NEP
Food shortages
Feared invasion
Industrial production had to be increased

Question 6

What happened in 1927? (3)

Answer 6

Collectivisation is announced and ignored
Procurement crisis - kulaks refused to hand over grain

Question 7

What was collectivisation?

Answer 7

Peasants gave up small plots of land to share with other families

Question 8

What happened in 1928? (2)

Answer 8

Voluntary collectivisation begins
1st 5 year plan begins (1928-32)

Question 9

What happened in 1929? (3)

Answer 9

Collectivisation becomes compulsory
Fighting between kulaks and non-kulaks
Pace of collectivisation increases

Question 10

What happened in 1930? (2)

Answer 10

Famine
Collectivisation paused

Question 11

What happened in 1931? (2)

Answer 11

Collectivisation restarts
OGPU shot or deported those who showed resistance

Question 12

When does the 2nd five year plan begin and end?

Answer 12

1933- 1937

Question 13

What happened in 1932/33? (4)

Answer 13

Famine
Exporting is continued
War is declared on kulaks
Stalin is blamed

Question 14

By 1934, how many kulaks are dead?

Answer 14

7 million

Question 15

How much does the amount of sheep and goats decrease from 114.6 mil?

Answer 15

114.6 mil to 36.5 mil

Question 16

What percentage of land is collectivised by 1939?

Answer 16

99%

Question 17

When did the 3rd 5 year plan begin and end?

Answer 17

1938-1941

Question 18

Even though enough food was produce, what was there a fall in?

Answer 18

Production

Question 19

Was farming efficient and how high was human cost?

Answer 19

It was inefficient and human cost was very high

Question 20

Where were tractors rented from?

Answer 20

Machine Tractor Station (MTS)

Question 21

What did a typical farm contain? (5)

Answer 21

Hospital
School
Town hall
Factory
Homes

Question 22

A skilled elite of what careers were created? (2)

Answer 22

Teachers and scientists

Question 23

What happened in the 1st five year plan? (2)

Answer 23

Focus on heavy/ new industries
Towns built entirely from scratch

Question 24

How did Magnitogorsk develop from 1929 - 1932?

Answer 24

It went from just 25 people to 250,000 people

Question 25

Who were the Gosplan?

Answer 25

State planning authority responsible for target setting for industries

Question 26

What were the failures of industrialisation? (2)

Answer 26

Gosplan made targets too high Working conditions were terrible

Question 27

Why did the amount of sheep decrease so drastically?

Answer 27

Slaughtering animals was the people's way of showing opposition

Question 28

Every 40 farms how many MTS were there?

Answer 28

1

Question 29

How many MTS were there by 1933?

Answer 29

2900

Question 30

What happened in the 2nd five year plan? (3)

Answer 30

Targets not set as high Oil production low Armory multiplied by 3, fearing Germany

Question 31

What happened in the 3rd five year plan? (2)

Answer 31

Focus on household and luxury goods Issues with oil and steel

Question 32

Why was the 3rd five year plan abandoned?

Answer 32

Germany invaded in 1941

Question 33

By 1940, what position was the USSR in industrial power?

Answer 33

2nd behind the USA

Question 34

Who were Stakhanovites?

Answer 34

People who followed Alexei Stakhanov

Question 35

How many tonnes of coal did Stakhanov lift and how does this vary to the normal shift?

Answer 35

He lifted 102 tonnes, which is 15 times the normal

Question 36

What were people granted if they worked well? (2)

Answer 36

Dachas Free holidays

Question 37

What does OGPU become in 1934?

Answer 37

NKVD

Question 38

For better benefits what did people do?

Answer 38

They reported to the NKVD

Question 39

How many people died in gulags out of the 20 mil that were taken there?

Answer 39

12 mil

Question 40

By what percentage did wages fall from 1928 - 1933?

Answer 40

50%

Question 41

Why was there now a new elite?

Answer 41

Due to new training schemes

Question 42

Why did people demand higher pay and workers rights?

Answer 42

Russia had weak trade unions

Question 43

By how many times did steel increase?

Answer 43

12

Question 44

By how many times did coal increase?

Answer 44

4

Question 45

Give an example showing that targets were too high.

Answer 45

Only 50,000 tractors were produced when the target was 170,000

Question 46

Which things could not cope due to the rapid growth of the population? (4)

Answer 46

Roads Water supply Power Transport

Question 47

Why did Russia need quick industrialisation and a better military?

Answer 47

They had to assume they would have no allies due to their fear of communism