Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuropsychology > College 1 The what, why and which > Flashcards

College 1 The what, why and which Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Limbic system

A

regulates emotions and memory
affectuve and motivated behaviors
amygdala, hippocampus and angulate cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cranial nerves

A
  • Are located in your face
  • Afferent: sensory input to the brain from the nose, ears, eyes and mouth
  • Efferent: motor control of facial muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory input to the brain from the senses (nose, mouth, ears, eyes and touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Efferent

A

Motor control from the brain to the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spinal cord

A
  • Controls most of the body movements, usually following instructions of the brain
    It can however act independantly of the brain –> via SNS
  • It is segmented into …
    Again devided into afferent (incoming) and efferent (outgoing to muscles)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Three layer protective tissue that encases the brain and the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A
  • Collection of mini brains within the body
  • Acts outside of conscious awareness
    Devided into:
  • Sympathetic
    ~ arouses the body for action
    ~ mediates the body’s fight or flight response
  • Parasympathetic
    ~ regulates the rest and digest
    ~ can reverse the fight and flight response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sympathetic

A
  • arouses the body for action

- mediates the body’s fight or flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • regulates the rest and digest

- can reverse the fight and flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

A mixture of sodium chloride and other salts

  • Fills ventricles in the brain
  • Acts as a air bag, cushions the brain and gives space for slight swelling or expansion of the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neocortex

A

consists of six different layers of grey matter

- different areas have different functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Frontal lobe

A

On the front side of the brain (face side)

  • Is involved in:
    • speech
    • initiates muscle movement
    • planning
    • involved in decision making
    • executive functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • Understanding language and learning
  • remembering (non)verbal information
  • Sensory integration
    • visual
    • auditory
    • taste
    • memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Corpus Calossum

A
  • 200 million nerve fibres
  • Visible in a medial view of the brain
  • connects the two hemispheres of the brain
  • Sometimes cut in halve as a treatment for epilepsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurons

A

Carry out the brains communicative and information processing functions
- Are connected to one another through axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glial cells

A

aid and modulate the neurons activity

make sure the communication between neurons is quick and effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Occipital lobe

A

sits in the back of the brain and is responsible for visual perception, including colour, form and motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • Located near the back and top of the head
  • cognitive and sensory integration for touch and body position (proprioception)
  • are important in processing and interpreting somatosensory input
  • attention
  • tactile function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

A

Is connected to the ANS and the ANS to control the gut function
Does so by interacting with bacteria in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nuclei

A

Group of neurons froming a cluster that can be identified using special stains
Forms functional units inside the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diencephalon

Study These Flashcards
A

Structure in the brain containing to sub structures: hypothalamus and thalamus
Hypothalamus
Controls:
- hormone function and production
- feeding
- sexual behavior
- agressive behavior
- sleeping
- temperature regulation
- emotional behavior
THALAMUS
- information for all sensory systems is organised, integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex
- functions as a relay station for sensory input
- integrates sensory and motot information while on their way to cerebral cortex

22
Q

Hypothalamus

Study These Flashcards
A

Controls:

  • hormone function and production
  • feeding
  • sexual behavior
  • agressive behavior
  • sleeping
  • temperature regulation
  • emotional behavior
23
Q

Thalamus

Study These Flashcards
A

Information for all sensory systems is organised, integrated and projected into the appropriate region of the neocortex

  • functions as a relay station for sensory input
  • integrates sensory and motot information while on their way to cerebral cortex
24
Q

Brainstem

Study These Flashcards
A

Located at the bottom of the brain, connects to the spinal cord
- consists of three regions
- Diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus)
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
Recieves incoming informatio from the senses and sends information out to control the muscles

25
Midbrain
Sensory functions - hearing - seeing - orienting movement consists of tectum and tegmentum
26
Tectum
Sensory component of the midbrian - recieves massive amounts of information from the eyes and ears Devided into two structures - Superior colliculus (on top) --> visual information - Inferior colliculus (on the bottom) --> auditory information Orienting movements When you see something out of the corner of your eye --> turn your head to look at it or Turn your head towards a sudden sound
27
Tegmentum
Consists of three structures Red nucleus Substantia nigra Periaqueductal grey matter
28
Red nucleus
controls limb movements
29
Substantia nigra
Initiaites movement together with the basal ganglia and forebrain
30
Periaqueductal grey matter
``` Cell bodies surrounding ventricles --> control species typical behavior Different for different species Dog: barking Bird: flying etc ```
31
Hindbrain
Consists of three structures - Reticular formation - Pons - Medulla
32
Reticular formation
Stimulates the forebrain | contriols sleep/wake function as well as fight or flight response
33
Pons
- Connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain | - Controls important movement of the brain
34
Medulla
Vital functuions | - breathing, heartrate, etc.
35
Cerebellum
Controls complex movements and cognitive functions - contains MORE neurons than the rest of the brain - size increases with physiscal speed Example: cerebellum is bigger in a jaguar compared to a turtle
36
Ventricles
There a 4 in the brain | - Cavities in the brain that contain spinal fluid (CSF)
37
Spinal nerves
Part of the body that is controlled by only one nerve
38
Dorsal
Superior on top
39
Ventral
Inferior on the bottom side
40
Ventral stream
Leads from the occipital lobe to the TEMPORAL LOBE object identification the WHAT stream
41
Dorsal stream
Leads from the occipital lobe to the PARIETAL LOBE Guide movements to relative objects WHERE pathway
42
Axon fibres running together
Are called: Nerve when in CNS Tract when outside the CNS
43
Hippocampus
Structure mbedded deep into temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory. Representation of episodic memory some of these become semantic memories (can operate without hippocampus)
44
Central sulcus
Partition between frontal and temporal lobe
45
Amygdala
Forms emotional associations - colours/stamps all perceptual information with emotional significance - involved in processing fearful and threatening stimuli, including detection of threat and activation of appropriate fear-related behaviors in response to threatening or dangerous stimuli.
46
Angulare cortex/Angular gyrus
Region of the brain in the parietal lobe, that lies near the superior edge of the temporal lobe. It is involved in a number of processes related to language, number processing and spatial cognition, memory retrieval, attention
47
Fore brain
``` Contains the entire cerebrum and several structures directly nestled within it - the thalamus, hypothalamus, the pineal gland and the limbic system Higher order conscious behavior Two almost identicle hemospheres Layer over the brain --> Neocortex - 6 layers of nerves - Gyri --> bumps - Sulci --> grooves Cortex decides what and when to move ```
48
Allocortex cortex
Old part of the brain 3-4 layers of nerve cells spread over the cingulate cortex, hippocampus and amygdala --> same type of cells - also related to the olfactory system (smell)
49
Sympathic nervous system (SNS)
- Sensations - Produces movement - 'doorgeefluik' between muscles and spinal cord - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves Cooperates with spinal cord
50
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Controls behavior | - Brain and spinal cord
51
Spinal Cord
Nerves in and outgoing (afferent and efferent) messages between brain and body Also involved in reflexes

Neuropsychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions