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College Network Flashcards

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1
Q

Strabismus

A

Disorder in which both eyes don’t look in the same direction all the time. (Cross-eye)

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2
Q

This physician and psychologist focused on biophysical development and is sometimes referred to as the “father of growth and development”.

A

Arnold Gesell

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of a person based on Freud’s work?

A

Id: seeks pleasure, avoids pain
Superego: conscience
Ego: balances the needs of Id and superego

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4
Q

What was Robert Peck’s developmental focus?

A

He focused on Erik Erikson’s “integrity vs. despair” stage of life for older adults.

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5
Q

Roger Gould focused on which aspect of psychosocial development?

A

7 phases of Adult development

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6
Q

Developmental theorist Havighurst organized his development model on what?

A

Age periods and certain developmental tasks that should be accomplished during that time.

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7
Q

What are the 4 phases of Piagets cognitive development model?

A

Sensorimotor: 0-2 years
Pre-operational: 2-7 years
Concrete Operational: 7-11 years
Formal Operational: 11-15 years

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8
Q

Based on Piagets cognitive development model, what are the 3 abilities a child uses in processing information?

A

Assimilation
Accommodation
Adaptation

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9
Q

What are the 3 phases of moral development according to Kohlberg?

A

Pre conventional
Conventional
Post conventional

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10
Q

Who was the research assistant of Kohlberg who adapted his theory to be more broad and focus on women?

A

Carol Gilligan

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11
Q

Name 2 psychologists who focused on Spiritual development?

A

Fowler

Westerhoff

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12
Q

Eruption of permanent teeth is usually complete by what age?

A

15

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13
Q

At what age does menarche begin?

A

10-16

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14
Q

What is one natural solution that has been found to help the symptoms of colic?

A

Chamomile tea up to 3x per day.

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15
Q

Amblyopia

A

Decreased visual acuity in one eye.

Lazy eye w/ decreased vision due to improper development.

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16
Q

What time of year is most prevalent for RSV?

A

Late fall to early spring

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17
Q

The 3rd leading cause of death in children (infants?) is?

A

SIDS

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18
Q

What bacteria contributes to dental caries?

A

Streptococcus mutans

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19
Q

1st and 2nd leading causes of death in young adults in the USA?

A

MVA’s

Suicide

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20
Q

What time of year is most prevalent for RSV?

A

Late fall to early spring

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21
Q

The 3rd leading cause of death in children (infants?) is?

A

SIDS

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22
Q

Leading cause of death for adults 25-64.

A

Cancer

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23
Q

List the 4 categories of elderly and the associated age range.

A

Young old: 65-75
Old: 75-85
Old-old: 85-100
Elite Old: over 100

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24
Q

Spiritual development takes place in 7 sequential steps/phases and each stage develops from a combination of knowledge and values.
Which spiritual developmental psychologist proposed this?

A

Fowler

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25
Spiritual development is a 4 phase process heavily dependent on the practices of one's family. Which spiritual development psychologist proposed this?
Westerhoff
26
How were the goals identified in Healthy People 2020 selected?
They were the areas with the best current data available and also the areas which there is the greatest likelihood of effecting change.
27
What are the 4 non-pharmacological areas of nursing focusing on comfort?
Physical Psychospiritual Social Environmental
28
Itching of the skin, with or without a rash.
Pruritis
29
Relaxation techniques have proven effective in relieving lower back pain, but evidence does not support the relief of ?
Post-operative pain
30
``` Behavior that facilitates effective communication: Facing the person squarely Adopting an open posture Lean toward the client Maintain eye contact Stay relaxed ```
Physical attending
31
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation is believed to help with pain control how?
By stimulating non nociceptive receptors in the same area.
32
When dealing with comfort measures, what 3 general types of issues must be considered during the outcomes identification phase?
Health promotion Health maintenance Health restoration
33
Noxious stimuli
Painful stimuli
34
What type of drug is tegretol?
Anticonvulsant. May help with neuropathic pain.
35
What is one of the endogenous proteins that acts on nociceptors, causing release of histamine, vasodilation, inflammation, and also stimulates the release of prostaglandin which enhances the sensitivity of nociceptors.
Bradykinin
36
Pain travels on A-fibers and C-fibers; which is myelinated?
A-fibers are larger, myelinated, deliver faster conducted impulses and are typically associated with sharp, pricking pain.
37
When pain travels along the A and C fibers, into which part of the spinal cord do they end?
Dorsal horn
38
Name 2 endogenous opioids.
Endorphins | Enkephalins
39
What are the 3 steps of the WHO "ladder of pain control"?
1. Non-opioid NSAID 2. Weak opioid 3. Strong opioid
40
The current accepted "balanced" practice of pain control is called:
Multi-modal analgesia
41
PRN
Pro re nata (as needed)
42
PCA
Patient controlled analgesia
43
Duragesic
Fentanyl pain patch
44
Occurring within or administered into the outer layer of the spinal dura
Intrathecal
45
Aleve
Naproxen
46
Dysesthesia
Burning or cutting pain
47
What type of drug is carbamazepine?
Anticonvulsant
48
QUESST approach to pediatric pain assessment
``` Question the child Use a pain rating scale Evaluate behavioral/physiological changes Secure parents involvement Take the cause of pain into account Take actions, evaluate results ```
49
What's a good rule of thumb for starting a pain control regimen for elderly?
Start low, go slow.
50
What are the 9 phases of the chronic illness trajectory model?
Pretrajectory: at risk Trajectory phase: initial occurrence of symptoms Stable Phase: usually officially diagnosed and well managed. Unstable Phase: recurring symptoms, complications Acute Phase: severe or unrelieved symptoms w/hospitalization Crisis Phase: critical, life threatening Comeback phase: recovery after an acute event Downward Phase: deterioration despite interventions Dying Phase:
51
Talcott Parsons proposed 4 components of the "sick role" | Name them
1. Sickness exempts one from normal social roles 2. Sick person is not responsible for the illness 3. Sick person has an obligation to get well 4. Sick person has an obligation to seek and receive competent care.
52
What are the 3 phases of adjusting to a chronic illness?
Shock, denial, disbelief Adjustment Reintegration and Acknowledgement
53
What are the 5 stages of grief proposed by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross?
``` Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance ```
54
What are the 6 stages of grief proposed by George Engel?
``` Shock & Disbelief Developing Awareness Restitution Resolving the loss Idealization Outcome ```
55
What are the 3 phases of grief proposed by Rondo?
Avoidance Confrontation Accommodation
56
If on life support, how long must a brain be inactive (flat encephalogram) before pronouncing death?
24hrs
57
As a person is nearing death, it is not uncommon for congestion to occur, causing the "death rattle". Auctioning isn't recommended as it can actually increase secretions. What is one drug that may be given for this?
Scopolamine transdermal patches or other anticholinergics.
58
Approximately when does rigor mortis set in and how long does it last?
Sets in approx. 2-4hrs after death and ends approx. 96hrs after death.
59
Gradual cooling of the body after death.
Algor mortis
60
What are the 3 types of "awareness" regarding an impending death?
Closed awareness: client or family may not be informed Mutual pretense: everyone knows but it's not discussed Open awareness:
61
Gustatory stimuli
Taste
62
An awareness of an object's size, shape, and texture based on touch alone.
Stereognosis
63
The part of the brain stem involved in arousal/alertness.
RAS | Reticular activating system
64
The stapes attaches to which membrane connecting it to the inner ear?
The oval window
65
The eustachean tube connects what?
The middle ear to the pharynx
66
What fluid is in the cochlea?
Perilymph
67
What is the structure that converts the movement of hairs in the cochlea into an electrical impulse sent to the brain?
The organ of corti
68
Age related hearing loss associated with the inner ear or nerves.
Presbycusis
69
Age related balance problems
Presbystasis | Presbyvertigo
70
Sensation of fullness or pain in the ear due to cerumen impaction.
Otalgia
71
Masses of the external ear or small bony protrusions usually found in the lower posterior portion of the ear canal.
Exostoses
72
What external product has been identified as a significant contributor to acute otitis media?
Second hand smoke.
73
Numbing of the tympanic membrane with a subsequent incision to drain purulent discharge.
Myringotomy
74
Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eyes.
Nystagmus
75
These disease has a triad of symptoms 1. Vertigo 2. Tinnitus 3. Fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss
Ménière's disease
76
Labyrinthitis
Bacterial or viral infection of the inner ear
77
Cranial nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear nerve
78
Anatomy of the eye: a ring of tissue that supports the lens
Ciliary body
79
Anterior compartment of eye is filled with?
Aqueous humor
80
Posterior eye is filled with the gelatinous....
Vitreous humor
81
Focal point of retina
Fovea centralis
82
Absence of refractive errors
Emmetropia
83
Nearsightedness
Myopia
84
Low vision
BCVA - best corrected visual acuity of 20/70-20/200
85
Chronic, degenerative disorder involving pigmentation of the retina.
Macular degeneration
86
What are the 2 types of AMD (age related macular degeneration)?
Dry AMD: more common, slower onset | Wet AMD: less common, more sudden
87
Tiny yellow spots on the retina commonly seen with macular degeneration.
Drusen
88
An opaque or cloudy section in the lens of the eye.
Cataract
89
Increased intaocular pressure caused by congestion of aqueous humor.
Glaucoma
90
The Goldman three mirror evaluation is used for suspected...
Retinal detachment
91
1. Infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid margin. | 2. Inflammation of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid.
1. Sty (hordeolum) | 2. Chalazion
92
Inflammation of the lid margin and lash follicles
Blepharitis
93
Inflammation or infection of the cornea
Keratitis
94
What do miotic drugs do?
Cause pupillary constriction and treat glaucoma
95
Hearing loss caused by lengthy exposure to loud noises? | Hearing loss caused by a single exposure to a loud noise?
Noise induced hearing loss | Acoustic trauma
96
Hearing test used to check lateralizarion of hearing and uses a tuning fork on the forehead.
Weber test
97
Hearing test used to determine if hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural.
Rinne test
98
What is the name of the vision chart typically seen in a doctors office with rows of progressively smaller letters?
Snellen's chart
99
Ptosis
Drooping eyelid
100
What is the grid called that is used for checking for macular degeneration?
Amsler grid
101
Tonometry evaluates ......?
Intraocular pressure
102
What is the difference between visible poverty and invisible poverty?
Visible poverty refers to tangible items such as money and material resources. Invisible poverty refers to social and cultural issues such as no education or lack of access to education.
103
This manipulative/body based therapy focuses on the use of postural reflexes.
Alexander technique
104
This therapy involves rhythmic, gentle movements.
Trager therapy
105
This therapy involves "modulating the person's energy field" without actually touching the patient.
Therapeutic touch
106
This energy therapy focuses on placing hands over certain organs and energy centers.
Reiki
107
Traditional Vietnamese ritual of rubbing a patient's oiled skin with a coin to rid the body of disease.
Coining
108
A group of people with some sort of common characteristic.
Aggregate

N109 (3 decks)

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