COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

Question 1

What are the physical properties of substances?

Answer 1

Colligative Properties
Additive Properties
Constitutive Properties

Question 2

Colligative Properties - depend mainly on the ______ in a solution.

Answer 2

number of particles

Question 3

Colligative Properties:

Answer 3

Osmotic Pressure, Vapor Pressure Lowering,
Freezing Point Depression, Boiling Point Elevation

Question 4

Additive Properties - depend on the ______ of the atoms in the molecule or on the
______ of the constituents in a
solution.

Answer 4

total contribution; sum of the properties

Question 5

Additive Properties:

Answer 5

Molecular Weight

Question 6

Constitutive Properties - depend on the ____ and to a lesser extent on the ___
and ____of atoms within a molecule

Answer 6

arrangement; number; kind

Question 7

Constitutive Properties:

Answer 7

Refractive Index, Optical Rotation, Solubility

Question 8

depend mainly on the
number of particles in a solution.

Answer 8

Colligative Properties

Question 9

depend on the total contribution of the atoms in the molecule or on the
sum of the properties of the constituents in a
solution.

Answer 9

Additive Properties

Question 10

depend on the arrangement and to a lesser extent on the number
and kind of atoms within a molecule

Answer 10

Constitutive Properties

Question 11

On adding a solute to a solvent, the properties of
the solvent are ____

Answer 11

modified.

Question 12

Vapor pressure -
Freezing point -
Boiling point -

Answer 12

decreases
decreases
increases

Question 13

Colligative Properties depend only on the
____ of solute particles relative
to solvent particles, not on the ____ of solute particles.

Answer 13

NUMBER; KIND

Question 14

is the pressure of the saturated vapor
above a liquid resulting from the escape of the surface
liquid.

Answer 14

Vapor Pressure

Question 15

the vapor pressure of an ideal solution is dependent on the
______ of each _____ and the _____ of the component present in the solution.

Answer 15

vapor pressure; chemical component; mole
fraction

Question 16

When a nonvolatile solute is combined with a volatile
solvent, the vapor above the solution is provided solely by the
___

Answer 16

solvent.

Question 17

´ The ____ reduces the escaping tendency of the solvent and, on
the basis of ____

Answer 17

solute; Raoult’s Law

Question 18

The vapor pressure of a solution
containing a nonvolatile solute is
lowered _____to the
relative number of the solute
molecules.

Answer 18

Raoult’s Law; proportional

Question 19

According to Raoult’s Law, the _____ over a dilute solution is ____
to the _____,
times the _____ in the
solution .

Answer 19

vapor pressure
of a solvent; equal; vapor pressure of the pure solvent; mole fraction of solute

Question 20

X2 =

Answer 20

mole fraction of solute

Question 21

pi o =

Answer 21

vapor pressure of the pure
solvent

Question 22

is used to measure
the pressure difference of the
vapor pressure between the
solution and the pure
solvent.

Answer 22

Manometer

Question 23

Manometer is used to measure
the pressure difference of the
vapor pressure between the
_____ and the _____.

Answer 23

solution; pure
solvent

Question 24

For dilute aqueous solutions,
however, the vapor pressure
lowering is so _____ as to
produce a _____ in the
measurement.

Answer 24

slight; serious error

Question 25

_______small differences in vapor pressure.

Answer 25

Accurate differential manometers

Question 26

is used frequently for the precise determination of vapor pressures.

Answer 26

isopiestic method

Question 27

- when a nonvolatile solute is added to a volatile solvent, the solute reduces the escaping tendency of the solvent, thus, - the VP of the solution is _________ proportional to the relative number of solute molecules.

Answer 27

lowered

Question 28

´Is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the external atmospheric pressure

Answer 28

Boiling Point

Question 29

The boiling point of a solution of a nonvolatile solute is ____ than that of the pure solvent, (solute ____ the vapor pressure of the solvent).

Answer 29

higher; lowers

Question 30

´In the _____, the vapor and the boiling solvent are pumped by the force of ebullition through a glass tube and sprayed over the thermometer bulb to obtain an invariant equilibrium temperature.

Answer 30

Cottrell boiling point apparatus

Question 31

the phenomenon that theboiling pointof aliquid(asolvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that asolutionhas a higher boiling point than a pure solvent.

Answer 31

BOILING POINT ELEVATION

Question 32

BOILING POINT ELEVATION happens whenever a _____, such as a _____, is added to a ____, such as water.

Answer 32

non-volatile solute; salt; pure solvent

Question 33

The boiling point can be measured accurately using an

Answer 33

ebullioscope

Question 34

symbol of the molal boiling point elevation constant or the ebullioscopic constant

Answer 34

kb

Question 35

EBULLIOSCOPE FORMULA

Answer 35

∆Tb = kbm

Question 36

Ebullioscopic Constant:

Answer 36

0.52 degC/mole

Question 37

- the BP of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute would be ______ that the pure solvent because the solute would _______ the vapor pressure of the solvent

Answer 37

HIGHER; LOWER

Question 38

the phenomenon in which the freezing pointof aliquid(asolvent) is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that asolution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent.

Answer 38

FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION

Question 39

FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION phenomenon may be observed in _____, which due to its salt content remains liquid at temperatures below____, the freezing point of _____.

Answer 39

sea water; 0°C (32°F); pure water

Question 40

The ______ of air-free water, at which solid, liquid, and vapor are in equilibrium, lies at a pressure of ____and a temperature of ______

Answer 40

triple point; 4.58 mmHg; 0.0098 °C.

Question 41

´If a solute is dissolved in the liquid at the _____, the escaping tendency or vapor pressure of the liquid solvent is ______ below that of pure solid solvent.

Answer 41

triple point; lowered

Question 42

The temperature must _____ in order to reestablish equilibrium between the liquid and the solid.

Answer 42

drop

Question 43

Methods for the Determination of Freezing Point Lowering

Answer 43

1.Beckmann method 2.The Equilibrium method.

Question 44

´It consists of a jacketed tube with a sidearm through which the test material may be introduced.

Answer 44

Beckmann method

Question 45

is supported in the tube and extends into the test solution.

Answer 45

Beckmann thermometer

Question 46

´In carrying out a determination, the temperature is read on the ______ at the freezing point of the pure solvent, water.

Answer 46

Beckmann differential thermometer

Question 47

A ____ is introduced into the apparatus, containing a _____, and the freezing point of the solution is read and recorded.

Answer 47

known weight of the solute; given weight of solvent

Question 48

The freezing point of a solution is ____ than that of the pure solvent

Answer 48

LOWER

Question 49

COMMON APPLICATIONS OF FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION

Answer 49

Propylene glycol Ethylene glycol – deadly to small animals

Question 50

solutions have a _________ FP that the pure solvent.

Answer 50

LOWER

Question 51

the cryoscopic constant:

Answer 51

1.86 degC/molal

Question 52

FORMULA FOR FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION:

Answer 52

∆Tf = kfm

Question 53

SYMBOL FOR the molal FP elevation constant or the cryoscopic constant

Answer 53

kf

Question 54

molality solution =

Answer 54

moles of solute / kg of solvent

Question 55

Tf=

Answer 55

(Freezing point of pure solvent) - (Freezing point of solution)

Question 56

the spontaneous net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high to low water concentration.

Answer 56

OSMOSIS

Question 57

is the movement of solvent through a semi permeable membrane that allows only solvent to move through it.

Answer 57

Osmosis

Question 58

is the pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 58

Osmotic pressure

Question 59

The phenomenon of osmotic pressure _____ from the tendency of a pure solvent to move through a _____ and into a solution containing a solute to which the membrane is _____.

Answer 59

arises; semi permeable membrane; impermeable

Question 60

All aqueous solutions of non-volatile solutes exert an

Answer 60

osmotic pressure

Question 61

is the opposite of water potential, which is the degree to which a solvent tends to stay in a liquid.

Answer 61

Osmotic Potential

Question 62

is based on the principle of thistle tube.

Answer 62

Osmometer

Question 63

Osmometer is based on the principle of

Answer 63

thistle tube

Question 64

Van’t Hoff Equation

Answer 64

¶V= Nrt or ¶=mRT

Question 65

¶

Answer 65

osmotic pressure in atm

Question 66

V

Answer 66

volume of solutions in Liters

Question 67

n

Answer 67

number of moles of solute

Question 68

R is the gas constant equal to

Answer 68

0.08205L atm/mole

Question 69

T

Answer 69

absolute temperature in °K

Question 70

____ concluded that there was an apparent analogy between solutions and gases and that the osmotic pressure in a dilute solution was equal to the pressure that the solute would exert if it were a gas occupying volume.

Answer 70

Van’t Hoff

Question 71

Van’t Hoff equation Corresponded to the equation for

Answer 71

ideal gas

Question 72

Morse Equation

Answer 72

¶= MRT

Question 73

is an important factor affecting cells.

Answer 73

Osmotic pressure

Question 74

is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure.

Answer 74

Osmoregulation

Question 75

is the presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.

Answer 75

Hypertonicity

Question 76

is the presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.

Answer 76

Hypotonicity

Question 77

is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.

Answer 77

´Isotonic