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Optometric theory and techniques > color vision > Flashcards

color vision Flashcards

1
Q

color vision

A

ability to discriminate between different wavelengths of light

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2
Q

S-cone

A

blue

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3
Q

L-cone

A

red

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4
Q

M-cone

A

green

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5
Q

visible spectrum

A

400nm (UV)-700nm (red)

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6
Q

color

A

perception of electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength

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7
Q

color can be specified by

A

its dominant wavelength and purity

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8
Q

can light be added together from two or more sources?

A

yes

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9
Q

2 basic types of color vision defects

A
  1. inherited

2. acquired

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10
Q

inherited color defect

A
  • caused by an inherited genetic defect,
  • present at birth (congenital), and remain constant throughout life
  • absence of photoreceptor pigment
  • both eyes
  • red-green
  • more males
  • incurable
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11
Q

acquired color defect

A
  • caused by accompanying
  • diseases/trauma/toxicity. may be present at any time, and may change over time
  • may differ between eyes
  • usually changes over time
  • blue yellow
  • males and females equally
  • sometimes treatable
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12
Q

Percentage of color deficient males

A

8%

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13
Q

percentage of color deficient females

A

0.5%

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14
Q

rods

A

does not preferentially detect light of certain wavelengths, but have a specific photopigment that detects light better in dim conditions

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15
Q

How many types of light sensing cells in the retina?

A

4

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16
Q

normal trichromats

A

normally functioning cones of all 3 types

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17
Q

anomalous trichromats

A

functional cones of all three types, but one type is sensitive to a different wavelength of light than in normal trichromats

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18
Q

dichromats

A

have only 2 types of functioning photopigments

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19
Q

monochromats

A

have only one single type of photopigment

-such that only rods or a single type of cone function normally

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20
Q

protanopia

A

dichromats that lack L-cone photopigment (red blind)

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21
Q

protanomalous

A

analmous trichromatic with functioning L-cone photopigment that is abnormal in sensitivity to red (red weak)

22
Q

deuteranopia

A

lack of M cone photopigment (green)

23
Q

deuteranomalous

A

functioning M-cone photopigment that is abnormal in sensitivity to green

24
Q

tritanopia

A

lacking S cone photopigment

25
Q

tritanomalous

A

functioning S-cone photopigment that is abnormal in sensitivity to blue

26
Q

deutan

A

red-green

27
Q

tritan

A

blue-yellow

28
Q

monochromats

A

complete achromats

  • have no ability to distinguish chromaticity
  • entire visible spectrum seen as differing shades of gray
29
Q

typical rod monochromats

A
  • have only one functional rods (all three types of cones are dysfunctional)
  • poor VA
  • aversion to bright light
  • central scotoma; often exhibit nystagmus as pre-teens
30
Q

atypical cone monochromats

A

have only a single type of functional cone pigment; usually with normal VA

31
Q

X-linked inheritance

A

L and M cone photopigment genes

32
Q

Autosomal inheritance

A

rod and S cone photopigment genes

33
Q

red-green defects

A
  • most commonly encountered from inherited color defect

- X linked recessive, therefore much more common in males

34
Q

Blue-yellow defects and Achromatopsia

A

very rare, but do exist

35
Q

appropriate counseling

A
  • parents
  • type and severity
  • haw it affects school, etc
  • how relates to occupation
36
Q

specific colored lenses

A
  • do not restore normal color perception, but may aid color discrimination
  • may help with aversion to light and poor VA of rod monochromats
37
Q

acquired: causes by accompanying condition or toxicity

A

likely to be associated signs/symptoms that point to diagnosis

38
Q

defect may differ between eyes and usually changes over time

A

a defect that is more severe in one eye or that appears to change over time is likely to be acquired

39
Q

blue-yellow defect

A

acquired

40
Q

affects males and females equally

A

acquired

41
Q

chromatopsia

A

abnormal condition in which toxicity causes objects to be seen in a particular color or appear tinged with that color.

42
Q

managing acquired CVD

A
  • directed toward treatment of primary cause
  • Dx primary cause involves other forms of testing and or consultation with other health care providers
  • repeat color testing frequently
43
Q

color vision testing

A
  • lighting/viewing time/test distance
  • wear corrective eyewear (no tint)
  • usually one eye at a time
  • done before using dx drugs, instruments with bright lights
  • dont touch pages, store in dark
44
Q

pseudochromatic (PIC) plate tests

A
  • most common
  • quick and easy
  • used to efficiently screen for inherited red-green defects
45
Q

arrangment tests

A
  • useful for inherited and acquired defects
  • specify type of defect and quantify severity
  • sequence on hue, stauration
46
Q

anomaloscopes

A
  • most accurate for diagnosis, but usually only found in specialty clinics (costly)
  • metameric matches
47
Q

PIC plate tests-transformational plates

A

person with color defect reads one figure and those with normal color vision another

48
Q

PIC plate tests-vanishing plates

A

person with color defect cannot read figure easily read by those with normal color vision

49
Q

PIC test plats-hidden digit plates

A

person with normal color vision fails to read a figure those with a color defect are able to read

50
Q

PIC test plates-diagnostic plates

A

figure is readable by those with one type of color vision defect, but not another

51
Q

occupational tests of color vision

A

PIC tests

arrangment tests

52
Q

color vision requirements

A

-drivers license - very few require color test.
-aircraft pilot- can be color blind, but depends on severity and what colors you can/can’t recognize
military- won’t be eligible for some MOS

Optometric theory and techniques (4 decks)

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