Colregs Part B Steering and Sailing Section 1 4-10 Flashcards
What is Rule 4
Application
Rules in this section apply in ANY condition of visablilty
What is Rule 5
Lookout
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
What does ‘all available means’ include for look-out?
Effective use of all available instruments and equipment
Both sight and hearing
Binoculars
VHF
AIS
info from a VTS station, shore station or other vessels
A effective lookout is still required at anchor
What is Rule 6
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
What factors shall be taken into account when determining safe speed
(a) By all vessels:
(i) the state of VISABILITY;
(ii) the traffic DENSITY including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels
(iii) the MANOEUVERABILITY of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
(iv) at night the presence of background LIGHTS such as from shore lights or from back scatterof her own lights;
(v) the state of WIND, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards;
(vi) the draught in relation to the available DEPTH of water.
What additional factors shall be used by vessels with operational radar
(i) the CHARACTERISTICS, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;
(ii) any CONSTRAINTS imposed by the radar range scale in use;
(iii) the EFFECT on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference;
(iv) the POSSIBILITY that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range;
(v) the NUMBER, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;
(vi) the MORE exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.
What is Rule 7
Risk of Collision
(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.
(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.
(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, expecially scanty radar information
(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:
(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change;
(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range
Explain ‘Not to impede’ , when was it introduced
Added in 1987, to resolve issues created by TSS added in 1967
Rule 8 part F
i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel; (do not allow a RoC to develop with such a vessel)
ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this Part;
(if a RoC has developed, you must still not impede them, but be aware of the regular rules for your situation. eg. a CBD on your port bow is still a PDV, so your own PDV could be: not to impede, and stand on at the same time,)
(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.
(once there is a RoC, the not to be impeded vessel, must comply with the regular steering and sailing rules)
What is rule 8
Action to Avoid Collision
A-E
(a) Any Action taken to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, BE large enough to BE readily apparant to another vessel observing visually or by radar, a succesion of small alterations should BE avoided
c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective acion. Providing that it is substantial, made in ample time, and does not result in another close quarters situation
d) Action to avoid collision shall be such to result in passing at a safe DISTANCE, The effectiveness of such action shall be monitered until she is finally past and clear
e) (EASE) If necessary to avoid collision, or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed, or take all way off by reversing her means of propulsion
Also includes part f) i,ii,iii: DO Not Impede
What is rule 9
Narrow Channels
a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit on her starboard side as safe and practicable
b) a vessel less than 20m in length or a sailing vessel, shall not impeded the passage of a vessel which can only safely navigate within the channel
c) a vessel engaged in fishing shall not imped ANY OTHER vessel navigating within the channel or fairway
d) A vessel chall not cross a channel if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can ONLY safely navigate within the channel. The latter vessel may use 5 short (rule 34 c) if in doubt
e)
i) If overtaking in a narrow channel or fairway, and the overtaken vessel has to take action to permit safe passing. THe overtaking vessel shall sound her intention as prescribed in 34 C:
2L 1 S I wish to overtake to Starboard —- —- –
2L 2 S I wish to overtake to Port —- —- – –
If in agreeent, the overtaken vessel sounds Charlie, —- – —- –
If in doubt, sounds rule 34 d; 5 rapid short blasts
ii) This does not relieve her obligations under rule 13
f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e). 1 Long
(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
What is ‘action to permit safe passing’
engage hand steering and prepare to counteract the effects of interaction
What is rule 10
Traffic separation schemes
a) This rule applies to TSS adopted by the IMO, and DOES NOT RELIEVE ANY VESSEL OF HER OBLIGATION UNDER ANY OTHER RULE
b) A vessel using a TSS shall
(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane.
(ii) so far as practicable, keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone.
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do so shall cross on a HEADING as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow.
See MGN 364.
(d)
(i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 20 m in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph d (i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone or to avoid immediate danger.
(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.
(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable.
(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule
to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
Who can use the Inshore traffic zone
A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the
appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, these may use the inshore traffic zone:
vessels of less than 20m in length,
sailing vessels
vessels engaged in fishing
any vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when
en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone or to avoid immediate danger
Who can enter the ‘separation zone’
10 (e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger;
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
What is Rule 10 part A
Traffic separation schemes
(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.
