com155 Flashcards
(72 cards)
Logos
Logic and reasoning appeal (usually through facts/statistics, logical arguments w cause and effect, clear structure)
Ethos
Ethical (credibility) appeal (usually through showing speaker’s experience/expertise, inclusive language, aligning views w audience, professional tone, addressing counterarguments)
Pathos
Emotional appeal (usually through vivid imagery, touching on universal experiences, appeals to fear hope anger, rhetorical questions, personal stories)
Five canons of rhetoric
Invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery
Invention
Researching and planning materials
Arrangement
Developing the structure of how the materials will be presented
Style
Figuring out how to present arguments through language and rhetorical devices
Memory
How speaker can present materials without relying heavily on notes
Delivery
Physical and vocal presentation including gestures, tone and pace
Referential function
Focusing on conveying info
Phatic function
Focusing on social relationships
Emotive function
Focusing on feelings and emotions
Poetic function
Focusing on quality of language and its purpose
Conative function
Focusing on receiver and command/influencing actions
Ad hominem fallacy
Attacking individual instead of argument
Straw man fallacy
Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack
Appeal to authority fallacy
Citing authority figure who is not actual authority on subject
Slippery slope fallacy
Arguing that first step will inevitably lead to chain of related events leading to negative effect
Bandwagon falllacy
Arguing claim is true because many people believe in it
Red herring fallacy
Introducing irrelevant topic to divert attention from actual issue
Deliberative rhetoric
Rhetoric that aims to persuade audience’s actions used in political speeches (looking at future)
Forensic rhetoric
Rhetoric that is concerned with determining justice (looking at past)
Epideictic rhetoric
Rhetoric that is focused on blame or praise used in ceremonial contexts (looking at present)
Irony
Using language that normally signifies opposite for humorous effect