com155 Flashcards

(72 cards)

1
Q

Logos

A

Logic and reasoning appeal (usually through facts/statistics, logical arguments w cause and effect, clear structure)

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2
Q

Ethos

A

Ethical (credibility) appeal (usually through showing speaker’s experience/expertise, inclusive language, aligning views w audience, professional tone, addressing counterarguments)

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3
Q

Pathos

A

Emotional appeal (usually through vivid imagery, touching on universal experiences, appeals to fear hope anger, rhetorical questions, personal stories)

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4
Q

Five canons of rhetoric

A

Invention, arrangement, style, memory, delivery

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5
Q

Invention

A

Researching and planning materials

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6
Q

Arrangement

A

Developing the structure of how the materials will be presented

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7
Q

Style

A

Figuring out how to present arguments through language and rhetorical devices

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8
Q

Memory

A

How speaker can present materials without relying heavily on notes

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9
Q

Delivery

A

Physical and vocal presentation including gestures, tone and pace

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10
Q

Referential function

A

Focusing on conveying info

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11
Q

Phatic function

A

Focusing on social relationships

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12
Q

Emotive function

A

Focusing on feelings and emotions

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13
Q

Poetic function

A

Focusing on quality of language and its purpose

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14
Q

Conative function

A

Focusing on receiver and command/influencing actions

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15
Q

Ad hominem fallacy

A

Attacking individual instead of argument

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16
Q

Straw man fallacy

A

Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack

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17
Q

Appeal to authority fallacy

A

Citing authority figure who is not actual authority on subject

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18
Q

Slippery slope fallacy

A

Arguing that first step will inevitably lead to chain of related events leading to negative effect

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19
Q

Bandwagon falllacy

A

Arguing claim is true because many people believe in it

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20
Q

Red herring fallacy

A

Introducing irrelevant topic to divert attention from actual issue

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21
Q

Deliberative rhetoric

A

Rhetoric that aims to persuade audience’s actions used in political speeches (looking at future)

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22
Q

Forensic rhetoric

A

Rhetoric that is concerned with determining justice (looking at past)

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23
Q

Epideictic rhetoric

A

Rhetoric that is focused on blame or praise used in ceremonial contexts (looking at present)

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24
Q

Irony

A

Using language that normally signifies opposite for humorous effect

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25
Exigence
What motivates someone to speak about situation
26
Sequentiality
Refers to the order in which events are arranged, usually used for cause and effect and character development
27
Directionality
Refers to the movement of something in specific direction, usually used to emphasize something or convey an emotional effect
28
Polity
A system of government that structures how a group is governed
29
Coloriusm
Bias favoring lighter skin tones in media
30
False dillema fallacy
Presenting only two options when more exist
31
Begging the question fallacy
When the premise assumes truth of conclusion
32
Hasty generalization fallacy
Making assumption based off of little evidence
33
Denying the antecedent fallacy
If "a" then "b" not "a" therefore not "b"
34
Undistributed middle fallacy
All "a" are "c" all "b" are "c" therefore all "a" are "b"
35
Questionable cause fallacy
Incorrectly assuming one event causes another because they occur together
36
Three kinds of audience (aristotle)
Judge (forensic), stakeholder (deliberative), observer (epideictic)
37
Types of real audiences
Immediate (face to face), mediated (physically away), self (meditation)
38
Types of prospective (hypothetical) audiences
Universal (public), ideal (targeted audience), implied (not actual audience), on the web
39
What are three factors to consider about your audience?
Demographic (related to population), sociographic (related to social groups), psychographic (related to one’s personality)
40
What are the three types of research texts?
Primary, secondary (responses to primary), tertiary (scholar generated)
41
What makes up rhetorical situation?
Audience, purpose (to inform, promote, entertain, etc), exigence, message (content)
42
Advertising as cuddling
Purpose of ad is to build connection with audience (appealing to emotions and values)
43
Advertising as punching
Purpose of ad is to make people stop and notice (using shock, humor, controversy, etc)
44
What is the traditional consumer behavior model?
AIDMA (attention, interest, desire, motive, action), focus on consumer purchasing product
45
What is the new consumer behavior model?
AISAS (attention, interest, search, action, share), focus on consumer interaction
46
USP (unique selling proposition)
Distinct feature that makes brand stand out from others
47
Three key points of analyzing media texts
- Systematic approach: how texts carry meaning and how they are carried out - Audiences and their engagement with text - Political social economic contexts in which texts are produced
48
Metonymy
When something is referred to by name of something closely related ot it
49
Synecdoche
When a part of something is used to represent the whole
50
Anastrophe
When words are arranged in unusual order to draw attention or create specific tone
51
Asyndeton
When connecting words are left out (like, and) to create faster dramatic effect
52
Ellipsis
Omission of unnecessary words (...)
53
Pleonasm
When more words are used than necessary to express an idea
54
Juxtaposition
When two things are placed close together to highlight differences or similarities
55
How are graphic novels different from comics?
Graphic novels focus on social themes using less complicated graphic styles that are told in a standalone story, whereas comics use recurring characters and repetitive narrative styles that are told over many issues
56
Persuasion
Symbolic communication between two or more people with intent to change reinforce or shape attitudes beliefs or reciever in order to bring about actual change
57
Three types of audience in persuasive speaking
Supportive, opposed, uncommitted
58
Dimensions and aims of persuasion
Adoption, continuance, discontinuance, avoidance
59
Mythos
Persuasion through shared cultural identity
60
Monroe's motivated sequence (used for persuasion)
Attention, need (describing problem), satisifaction (solution), visualization (visualize benefits of solution), action
61
Honour killings
Murder committed against individuals often women by family members who believe the victim has brought dishonor upon family, done to restore family reputation
62
Mediated empathy
Process which empathy is gained through media consumption
63
How can nationalism lead to stigmatization?
Forming an "us vs them" mentality and devaluing outside groups
64
Eurocentric bias in rhetoric about Asia
Tendency to prioritize European rhetorical principles and dismiss Asian ones due to them being viewed as non-argumentative and submissive
65
What is main concern about theoretical clarity in rhetorical analysis?
Oversimplification and reductionism in understanding rhetorical events
66
Multimodality analysis
How different forms of communication work together to create meaning (linguistic, visual, aural, gestural, spatial), important due to multimedia
67
Semiotics
Study of signs and symbols and how they communicate meaning
68
Soft power
Ability of country to appeal to others through its culture, values, etc
69
Appeal to ignorance
Claiming something is true because it hasn't been proven false
70
Guilt by association
Discrediting idea or person because of their association with unpopular group or belief
71
Appeal to nature
Arguing that something is good because it is natural
72
Deficit model
Public lacks knowledge about science which is main reason for public skepticism to scientific issues