COMbank

Question 1

Diffuse ST elevation

Answer 1

Pericarditis

Question 2

Complication of chronic renal /uremia

Answer 2

Pericarditis

Question 3

Signs/Symptoms of Pericarditis

Answer 3

Pericardial friction rub, pain that changes with position,

Question 4

Diffuse T inversion with isoelectric ST segments

Answer 4

Chronic pericarditis

Question 5

Bulging, erythematous tympanic membrane

Answer 5

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 6

Catalase negative, gram positive coccus

Answer 6

Streptococcus

Question 7

Most common cause of R sided heart failure

Answer 7

L sided heart failure (systemic hypertension -> hypertrophy)

Question 8

Digoxin

Answer 8

Binds, antagonizes Na/K ATPase, decreasing activity of Na/Ca exchange. Increases intracellular calcium.
Hypercalcemia -> greater inotropic effect/toxicity

Question 9

ACEI

Answer 9

Treats congestive heart failure, slow progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Blocks synthesis of angiotensin II -> decrease aldosterone (-> hyperkalemia)

Question 10

ACEI adverse effects

Answer 10

dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia

Question 11

ACEI contraindications

Answer 11

bilateral renal artery stenosis. precipitate renal failure

Pregnancy

Question 12

Risk factor DVT/PE

Answer 12

smoking, obesity, hypercoagulable disorder, oral contraceptive, estrogen replacement, recent surgery, decreased ambulation, previous DVT

Question 13

PE diagnosis

Answer 13

chest x-ray, D-dimer, chest CT

Question 14

PE treatment

Answer 14

anti coagulation with heparin, immediately

Question 15

PE signs/symptoms

Answer 15

diaphoresis from tachycardia, chest discomfort, clear breath sounds, nonspecific ST/T changes

Massive PE: S1 Q3 T3 ECG pattern

Question 16

Incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

Loss of ganglion cells in myenteric plexus

Answer 16

Achalasia

Question 17

Myenteric cell product for relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 17

nitric oxide

Question 18

Injection for Achalasia

Answer 18

Botulinum toxin to myenteric plexus of lower esophageal sphuncter

Question 19

Most common cause of chronic renal failure (US)

Answer 19

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease, nodular glomerulosclerosis

Question 20

Nonenzymatic glycosylation of glomerular arterioles due to diabetes mellitus, HTN, CAD

Answer 20

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease, nodular glomerulosclerosis

Question 21

Tram track sign

Answer 21

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type I)

Question 22

HIV assd renal disease

Answer 22

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 23

Microscopic polyarteritis assd renal disease

Answer 23

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Question 24

Mediastinal mass, bimodal age distribution, “B” symptoms of fever, night sweats, weight loss.
Reed sternberg cell

Answer 24

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 25

Cancer presenting with dysphagia, weight loss as adenocarcinoma. Common in men w/GERD.

Answer 25

Esophageal cancer

Question 26

Primary hyperaldosteronism. Hypernatremia, hypokalmeia, met alkalosis, low renin.

Answer 26

Conn syndrome

Question 27

Treat Conn syndrome HTN

Answer 27

Spironolactone

Question 28

potassium sparing diuretic, antagonizes aldosterone

Answer 28

Spironolactone

Question 29

AE Spironolactone

Answer 29

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, infertility

Question 30

Glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency, AR | Deficient gluconeogenesis. Can't breakdown liver glycogen, elevated lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 30

Von Gierke

Question 31

Transglucosidase deficiency, PAS eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, AR

Answer 31

Andersen disease

Question 32

debranching enzyme alpha 1,6-glucosidase deficiency, normal lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 32

Cori disease

Question 33

myophosphorylase deficiency, muscle cramps, exercise intolerance

Answer 33

McArdle's

Question 34

acid maltase (alpha 1,4-glucosidase) deficiency, cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure, hepatomegaly

Answer 34

Pompe disease

Question 35

Remnant of Rathke's pouch, supratentorial tumor in children, may calcify, optic changes

Answer 35

Craniopharyngioma

Question 36

Initiating warfarin treatment

Answer 36

start heparin simultaneous to avoid paradoxical hypercoagulable state, avoid leafy greens

Question 37

AE long term heparin

Answer 37

Thrombocytopenia

Question 38

Partial estrogen agonist, stimulate follicules in anovulatory women with PCOS

Answer 38

Clomiphene

Question 39

Part of brain responsible for voluntary movement and postural adjustment. Uses dopamine

Answer 39

Basal ganglia

Question 40

Inability to initiate/execute voluntary movements, stooped posture, flat facial affect, shuffling gait, resting tremor. Depletion of dopamine in substantia nigra

Answer 40

Parkinson's disease

Question 41

Hippocampus, amygdala, anterior thalamic nuclei, limbic cortex. Memory, emotion, behavior

Answer 41

Limbic system

Question 42

Relay sensory information. Relay motor signals from cerebellum and basal ganglia to motor cortex

Answer 42

Thalamus

Question 43

Planning movements, motor regulation

Answer 43

Frontal lobe cortex

Question 44

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 44

VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 45

tet spells, squatting to increase sys vascular resistance, R-> L shunting, boot shaped heart RF: PKU, digeorge

Answer 45

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 46

alpha galactosidase A deficiency, acroparasthesia, LVH, angiokeratomas/telangiectasia XLR

Answer 46

Fabry disease

Question 47

Inhibits ferrochelatase and delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Causes microcytic anemia, GI upset, kidney disease, mental retardation.

Answer 47

Lead poisoning

Question 48

Glycine + succinyl CoA + B6

Answer 48

delta aminolevulinic acid, 2nd step heme synth | inhibited in lead poisoning

Question 49

defect in porphobilinogen deaminase. accumulate porphobilinogen, painful abdomen, pink urine, polyneuropathy, psychological disturbances

Answer 49

Acute intermittent porphyria

Question 50

HIV, Heroin, African American nephrotic syndrome. Pitting edema, hypoalbuminemia, nephrotic proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, early course HTN. Segmental mesangial collapse with sclerosis in some glomeruli, no immune deposits

Answer 50

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 51

XLR, hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, ocular deficits, no pitting edema

Answer 51

Alport's syndrome

Question 52

subendothelial deposits w/granular appearance on immunofluorescence. HTN, pitting edema

Answer 52

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I

Question 53

Most common nephrotic syndrome in children, immunofluorescence is negative. Weight gain, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia. Sudden onset

Answer 53

Minimal change disease

Question 54

most common leukemia in men over 60, unexplained elevated white count, excess mature lymphocytes, smudge cells

Answer 54

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 55

anemia of CLL

Answer 55

autoimmune hemolytic anemia -> spherocytosis, jaundice, increased LDH, + coombs test

Question 56

FEV1 decreased | FEV1/FVC decreased

Answer 56

obstructive disease (COPD)

Question 57

Retrospective study

Answer 57

case-control study

Question 58

Prospective study of rf vs no rf

Answer 58

cohort study