COMBANK Random 2 Flashcards
Which part of Medicare covers inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing, hospice, and home health care?
Medicare part A
Which part of Medicare covers outpatient care, doctor’s services, physical therapy, and occupational therapy?
Medicare part B
What part of Medicare is called Medicare advantage plan and what is it combined of?
Medicare part C - combination of A and B
What part of Medicare is for prescription drug coverage?
Medicare part D
What are neoplastic polyps known as
adenomas
What are 3 characteristics that increase cancer risk in adenomas?
- greater than 1 cm
- contain substantial villous component
- high-grade dysplasia
What shape/structure of polyp is more likely to be cancerous?
sessile polyps with broad-based attachments are more likely to be malignant than pedunculated polyps attached to a stem
What are the 3 histologic types of colon adenomas?
tubular, villous, and tubulovillous
Which histologic type of adenoma is most likely to be associated with cancer and where are they commonly located?
Villous adenoma - located in sigmoid/rectal region
What is the appearance of a villous adenoma?
larger and flatter with a velvety, cauliflower-like appearance
What is the most common type of polyp?
Tubular adenoma
What is the appearance of a tubular adenoma?
small, pedunculated, and carry little risk for malignant transformation (can have malignant foci, esp in larger tubular polyps)
What is the appearance of a tubulovillous adenoma?
Most resemble tubular adenomas but have surface covered in villi - malignancy is greater than tubular but less than villous
Where is the most common location for colorectal cancer to metastasize and why?
Liver d/t dual blood supply via hepatic artery and portal vein allowing for hematologic spread as well as liver’s ability to filter blood
-~60-70% people with colorectal cancer will develop a liver tumor
Other than colon, what are 7 other cancers that commonly metastasize to the liver?
- breast
- esophagus
- stomach
- pancreas
- lungs
- kidneys
- skin (melanoma
What are 3 cancers that commonly metastasize to bone?
prostate, breast, and lung
What are 3 common cancers that metastasize to the brain?
lung, breast, and genitourinary
What are 6 cancers that metastasize to the lungs?
breast, colon, prostate, bladder, neuroblastoma, and sarcomas
What nonspecific marker can be increased in pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, thyroid medullary carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis, cirrhosis, COPD, Crohn, and chronic smokers?
CEA - found in adenocarcinomas
What does AFP serve as a tumor marker for?
hepatocellular carcinoma, germ cell tumors, and metastatic cancers of the liver
What do pts with FAP have an autosomal dominant mutation in?
APC - tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 5
What diseases is ALP elevated in?
metastatic bone disease, biliary disease, and Paget disease of the bone
What is a nonspecific tumor marker that can confirm the Dx of colorectal cancer, monitor for tumor recurrence, and monitor response to therapy?
CEA
Which bleeding disorder is commonly associated with easy bruising, skin bleeding, prolonged bleeding from mucosal surfaces, trivial wounds, and excessive menstrual bleeding?
von Willebrand Disease
